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Author |
Molina-Herrera, S.; Haas, E.; Grote, R.; Kiese, R.; Klatt, S.; Kraus, D.; Kampffmeyer, T.; Friedrich, R.; Andreae, H.; Loubet, B.; Ammann, C.; Horvath, L.; Larsen, K.; Gruening, C.; Frumau, A.; Butterbach-Bahl, K. |
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Title |
Importance of soil NO emissions for the total atmospheric NOX budget of Saxony, Germany |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Atmospheric Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
Atm. Environ. |
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Volume |
152 |
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61-76 |
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Keywords |
LandscapeDNDC; Model evaluation; NOX emissions; Soil emissions; Distributed modeling; Emission inventory; Nitric-Oxide Emissions; European Forest Soils; Nitrous-Oxide; N2O; Emissions; Agricultural Soils; Gas Emissions; Organic Soil; Trace Gases; Model; Fluxes |
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Abstract  |
Soils are a significant source for the secondary greenhouse gas NO and assumed to be a significant source of tropospheric NOx in rural areas. Here we tested the LandscapeDNDC model for its capability to simulate magnitudes and dynamics of soil NO emissions for 22 sites differing in land use (arable, grassland and forest) and edaphic as well as climatic conditions. Overall, LandscapeDNDC simulated mean soil NO emissions agreed well with observations (r(2) = 0.82). However, simulated day to day variations of NO did only agree weakly with high temporal resolution measurements, though agreement between simulations and measurements significantly increased if data were aggregated to weekly, monthly and seasonal time scales. The model reproduced NO emissions from high and low emitting sites, and responded to fertilization (mineral and organic) events with pulse emissions. After evaluation, we linked the LandscapeDNDC model to a GIS database holding spatially explicit data on climate, land use, soil and management to quantify the contribution of soil biogenic NO emissions to the total NOx budget for the State of Saxony, Germany. Our calculations show that soils of both agricultural and forest systems are significant sources and contribute to about 8% (uncertainty range: 6 -13%) to the total annual tropospheric NO, budget for Saxony. However, the contributions of soil NO emission to total tropospheric NO, showed a high spatial variability and in some rural regions such as the Ore Mts., simulated soil NO emissions were by far more important than anthropogenic sources. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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2017-04-07 |
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1352-2310 |
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CropM, ft_macsur |
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MA @ admin @ |
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4943 |
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Barber, H.M.; Lukac, M.; Simmonds, J.; Semenov, M.A.; Gooding, M.J. |
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Title |
Temporally and Genetically Discrete Periods of Wheat Sensitivity to High Temperature |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Plant Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Front. Plant Sci |
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8 |
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Pages |
51 |
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Abstract |
Successive single day transfers of pot-grown wheat to high temperature (35/30°C day/night) replicated controlled environments, from the second node detectable to the milky-ripe growth stages, provides the strongest available evidence that the fertility of wheat can be highly vulnerable to heat stress during two discrete peak periods of susceptibility: early booting [decimal growth stage (GS) 41-45] and early anthesis (GS 61-65). A double Gaussian fitted simultaneously to grain number and weight data from two contrasting elite lines (Renesansa, listed in Serbia, Ppd-D1a, Rht8; Savannah, listed in UK, Ppd-D1b, Rht-D1b) identified peak periods of main stem susceptibility centered on 3 (s.e. = 0.82) and 18 (s.e. = 0.55) days (mean daily temperature = 14.3°C) pre-GS 65 for both cultivars. Severity of effect depended on genotype, growth stage and their interaction: grain set relative to that achieved at 20/15°C dropped below 80% for Savannah at booting and Renesansa at anthesis. Savannah was relatively tolerant to heat stress at anthesis. A further experiment including 62 lines of the mapping, doubled-haploid progeny of Renesansa × Savannah found tolerance at anthesis to be associated with Ppd-D1b, Rht-D1b, and a QTL from Renesansa on chromosome 2A. None of the relevant markers were associated with tolerance during booting. Rht8 was never associated with heat stress tolerance, a lack of effect confirmed in a further experiment where Rht8 was included in a comparison of near isogenic lines in a cv. Paragon background. Some compensatory increases in mean grain weight were observed, but only when stress was applied during booting and only where Ppd-D1a was absent. |
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1664-462x |
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article |
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CropM, ftnotmacsur |
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MA @ admin @ |
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4974 |
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Yin, X.G.; Kersebaum, K.C.; Kollas, C.; Manevski, K.; Baby, S.; Beaudoin, N.; Ozturk, I.; Gaiser, T.; Wu, L.H.; Hoffmann, M.; Charfeddine, M.; Conradt, T.; Constantin, J.; Ewert, F.; de Cortazar-Atauri, I.G.; Giglio, L.; Hlavinka, P.; Hoffmann, H.; Launay, M.; Louarn, G.; Manderscheid, R.; Mary, B.; Mirschel, W.; Nende, C.; Pacholskin, A.; Palosuo, T.; Ripoche-Wachter, D.; Rotter, R.P.; Ruget, F.; Sharif, B.; Trnka, M.; Ventrella, D.; Weigel, H.J.; Olesen, J.E.; Yin, X.; Kersebaum, K.C.; Kollas, C.; Manevski, K.; Baby, S.; Beaudoin, N.; Ozturk, I.; Gaiser, T.; Wu, L.; Hoffmann, M.; Charfeddine, M.; Conradt, T.; Constantin, J.; Ewert, F.; de Cortazar-Atauri, I.G.; Giglio, L.; Hlavinka, P.; Hoffmann, H.; Launay, M.; Louarn, G.; Manderscheid, R.; Mary, B.; Mirschel, W.; Nende, C.; Pacholskin, A.; Palosuo, T.; Ripoche-Wachter, D.; Roetter, R.P.; Ruget, F.; Sharif, B.; Trnka, M.; Ventrella, D.; Weigel, H.-J.; Olesen, J.E. |
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Title |
Performance of process-based models for simulation of grain N in crop rotations across Europe |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Agricultural Systems |
Abbreviated Journal |
Agric. Syst. |
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Volume |
154 |
Issue |
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Pages |
63-77 |
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Keywords |
Calibration, Crop model, Crop rotation, Grain N content, Model evaluation, Model initialization; Climate-Change; Winter-Wheat; Nitrogen-Fertilization; Agroecosystem; Models; Multimodel Ensembles; Yield Response; Use Efficiency; Soil-Moisture; Oilseed Rape; Elevated Co2 |
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Abstract |
The accurate estimation of crop grain nitrogen (N; N in grain yield) is crucial for optimizing agricultural N management, especially in crop rotations. In the present study, 12 process-based models were applied to simulate the grain N of i) seven crops in rotations, ii) across various pedo-climatic and agro-management conditions in Europe, under both continuous simulation and single year simulation, and for iv) two calibration levels, namely minimal and detailed calibration. Generally, the results showed that the accuracy of the simulations in predicting grain N increased under detailed calibration. The models performed better in predicting the grain N of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), winter barley (Hordewn vulgare L.) and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) compared to spring oat (Avena saliva L.), winter rye (Secale cereale L.), pea (Piswn sativum L.) and winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). These differences are linked to the intensity of parameterization with better parameterized crops showing lower prediction errors. The model performance was influenced by N fertilization and irrigation treatments, and a majority of the predictions were more accurate under low N and rainfed treatments. Moreover, the multi-model mean provided better predictions of grain N compared to any individual model. In regard to the Individual models, DAISY, FASSET, HERMES, MONICA and STICS are suitable for predicting grain N of the main crops in typical European crop rotations, which all performed well in both continuous simulation and single year simulation. Our results show that both the model initialization and the cover crop effects in crop rotations should be considered in order to achieve good performance of continuous simulation. Furthermore, the choice of either continuous simulation or single year simulation should be guided by the simulation objectives (e.g. grain yield, grain N content or N dynamics), the crop sequence (inclusion of legumes) and treatments (rate and type of N fertilizer) included in crop rotations and the model formalism. |
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2017-06-12 |
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0308-521x |
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CropM, ft_macsur |
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Call Number |
MA @ admin @ |
Serial |
4963 |
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Author |
Lizaso, J.I.; Ruiz-Ramos, M.; Rodriguez, L.; Gabaldon-Leal, C.; Oliveira, J.A.; Lorite, I.J.; Rodriguez, A.; Maddonni, G.A.; Otegui, M.E. |
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Title |
Modeling the response of maize phenology, kernel set, and yield components to heat stress and heat shock with CSM-IXIM |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Field Crops Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Field Crops Research |
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Volume |
214 |
Issue |
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Pages |
239-252 |
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Keywords |
Heat stress, Maize; CSM-IXIM; CSM-CERES-maize; Beta function; CERES-MAIZE; DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESSES; TEMPERATURE RESPONSES; CROSS-VALIDATION; GRAIN-SORGHUM; GROWTH; SIMULATION; PLANTS; SENESCENCE; NITROGEN |
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Abstract |
The available evidence suggests that the current increasing trend in global surface temperatures will continue during this century, which will be accompanied by a greater frequency of extreme events. The IPCC has projected that higher temperatures may outscore the known optimal and maximum temperatures for maize. The purpose of this study was to improve the ability of the maize model CSM-IXIM to simulate crop development, growth, and yield under hot conditions, especially with regards to the impact of above-optimal temperatures around anthesis. Field and greenhouse experiments that were performed over three years (2014-2016) using the same short-season hybrid, PR37N01 (FAO 300), provided the data for this work. Maize was sown at a target population density of 5 plants M-2 on two sowing dates in 2014 and 2015 and on one in 2016 at three locations in Spain (northern, central, and southern Spain) with a well-defined thermal gradient. The same hybrid was also sown in two greenhouse chambers with daytime target temperatures of approximately 25 and above 35 degrees C. During the nighttime, the temperature in both chambers was allowed to equilibrate with the outside temperature. The greenhouse treatments consisted of moving 18 plants at selected phenological stages (V4, V9, anthesis, lag phase, early grain filling) from the cool chamber to the hot chamber over a week and then returning the plants back to the cool chamber. An additional control treatment remained in the cool chamber all season, and in 2015 and 2016, one treatment remained permanently in the hot chamber. Two maize models in the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) V4.6 were compared, namely CERES and IXIM. The HUM version included additional components that were previously developed to improve the crop N simulation and to incorporate the anthesis-silking interval (ASI). A new thermal time calculation, a heat stress index, the impact of pollen-sterilizing temperatures, and the explicit simulation of male and female flowering as affected by the daily heat conditions were added to IXIM. The phenology simulation in field experiments by IXIM improved substantially. The RMSE for silking and maturity in CERES were 7.9 and 13.7 days, decreasing in DCIM to 2.8 and 7.3 days, respectively. Similarly, the estimated kernel numbers, kernel weight, grain yield and final biomass were always closer to the measurements in HUM than in CERES. The worst simulations were for kernel weight, and for that reason, the differences in grain yield between the models were small (the RMSE in CERES was 1219 kg ha(-1) vs. 1082 kg ha(-1) in IXIM). The greenhouse results also supported the improved estimations of crop development by IXIM (RMSE of 2.6 days) relative to CERES (7.4 days). The impact of the heat treatments on grain yield was consistently overestimated by CERES, while HUM captured the general trend. The new HUM model improved the CERES simulations when elevated temperatures were included in the evaluation data. Additional model testing with measurements from a wider latitudinal range and relevant heat conditions are required. |
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2017-11-24 |
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English |
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0378-4290 |
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CropM, ft_macsur |
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Call Number |
MA @ admin @ |
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5180 |
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Author |
Leolini, L.; Moriondo, M.; Ferrise, R.; Bindi, M. |
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Title |
Relations between micrometeorological conditions and plant physiology |
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Report |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
FACCE MACSUR Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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10 |
Issue |
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Pages |
XC1.1-D2 |
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Abstract |
The changing climate and environmental conditions play a key role on plant physiology. In this context, crop simulation models represent a useful tool for investigating the main plant processes and provide a reliable estimation of crop productivity and quality. However, the most common crop models showed many limitations, with particular concern on the effect of some meteorological variables on plant processes during sensitive stages of development. Improving models by implementing the effect of such variables on crop processes may help to improve the accuracy of models, thus their usefulness. Here we focus on the analysis of the effect of high and low temperatures during flowering in grapevine. To this, the fruit-set index, developed for taking into account for the effect of temperature on setting the number of berries per cluster and the fruit-set percentage, was applied in a preliminary explorative study to assess the impact of different conditions during flowering at European scales. The sensitivity of the index allowed to identify the differential impact of temperature around flowering in different environment and for different varieties. Once meteorological variables are available at field or sub-field scale, the index can be used to provide information about the spatial variability of crop growth, thus allowing to identify the most appropriate interventions to improve productivity. |
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XC |
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MA @ admin @ |
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4975 |
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