Witkowska-Walczak, B., Sławiński, C., Bartmiński, P., Melke, J., & Cymerman, J. (2014). Water conductivity of arctic zone soils (Spitsbergen). International Agrophysics, 28(4), 529–535.
Abstract: The water conductivity of arctic zone soils derived in different micro-relief forms was determined. The greatest water conductivity at the 0-5 cm depth for the higher values of water potentials (> -7 kJ m(-3)) was shown by tundra polygons (Brunic-Turbic Cryosol, Arenic) – 904-0.09 cm day(-1), whereas the lowest were exhibited by Turbic Cryosols – 95-0.05 cm day(-1). Between -16 and -100 kJ m(-3), the water conductivity for tundra polygons rapidly decreased to 0.0001 cm day(-1), whereas their decrease for the other forms was much lower and in consequence the values were 0.007, 0.04, and 0.01 cm day(-1) for the mud boils (Turbic Cryosol (Siltic, Skeletic)), cell forms (Turbic Cryosol (Siltic, Skeletic)), and sorted circles (Turbic Cryosol (Skeletic)), respectively. In the 10-15 cm layer, the shape of water conductivity curves for the higher values of water potentials is nearly the same as for the upper layer. Similarly, the water conductivity is the highest -0.2 cm day(-1) for tundra polygons. For the lower water potentials, the differences in water conductivity increase to the decrease of soil water potential. At the lowest potential the water conductivity is the highest for sorted circles -0.02 cm day(-1) and the lowest in tundra polygons -0.00002 cm day(-1).
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Kahiluoto, H., Kaseva, J., Hakala, K., Himanen, S. J., Jauhiainen, L., Rötter, R. P., et al. (2014). Cultivating resilience by empirically revealing response diversity. Glob. Environ. Change, 25, 186–193.
Abstract: Intensified climate and market turbulence requires resilience to a multitude of changes. Diversity reduces the sensitivity to disturbance and fosters the capacity to adapt to various future scenarios. What really matters is diversity of responses. Despite appeals to manage resilience, conceptual developments have not yet yielded a break-through in empirical applications. Here, we present an approach to empirically reveal the ‘response diversity’: the factors of change that are critical to a system are identified, and the response diversity is determined based on the documented component responses to these factors. We illustrate this approach and its added value using an example of securing food supply in the face of climate variability and change. This example demonstrates that quantifying response diversity allows for a new perspective: despite continued increase in cultivar diversity of barley, the diversity in responses to weather declined during the last decade in the regions where most of the barley is grown in Finland. This was due to greater homogeneity in responses among new cultivars than among older ones. Such a decline in the response diversity indicates increased vulnerability and reduced resilience. The assessment serves adaptive management in the face of both ecological and socioeconomic drivers. Supplier diversity in the food retail industry in order to secure affordable food in spite of global price volatility could represent another application. The approach is, indeed, applicable to any system for which it is possible to adopt empirical information regarding the response by its components to the critical factors of variability and change. Targeting diversification in response to critical change brings efficiency into diversity. We propose the generic procedure that is demonstrated in this study as a means to efficiently enhance resilience at multiple levels of agrifood systems and beyond. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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Mitter, H., Schmid, E., & Schneider, U. A. (2014). Modelling impacts of drought and adaptation scenarios on crop production in Austria (Modellierung von Auswirkungen verschiedener Dürre- und Anpassungsszenarien auf die agrarische Pflanzenproduktion in Österreich). In Jahrbuch der ÖGA (Vol. 24, pp. 223–234).
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Dono, G., Cortignani, R., Dell’Unto, D., Doro, L., Lacetera, N., Mula, L., et al. (2014). Productive and economic adaptation of Mediterranean agriculture to climate change (Produktive und wirtschaftliche Anpassung der mediterranen Landwirtschaft an den Klimawandel). In Jahrbuch der ÖGA (Vol. 24, pp. 213–222).
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Twardy, S., & Kopacz, M. (2014). Comparison of concentrations and loads of macronutrients brought with precipitation and leaching from the soil profile. Pol. J. Environ. Stud., 23(3a), 132–136.
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