| Records |
| Author |
Baum, Z.; Palatnik, R.R.; Kan, I.; Rapaport-Rom, M. |
| Title |
Economic Impacts of Water Scarcity Under Diverse Water Salinities |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication  |
Water Econs. Policy |
Abbreviated Journal |
Water Econs. Policy |
| Volume |
02 |
Issue |
01 |
Pages |
1550013 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
Exploitation of alternative water sources is expected to grow in the decades to come in water-stressed countries with fast population growth, especially in regions where a further decline of natural freshwater availability is expected due to climate change. Increasing utilization of non-freshwater usually leads to salinity build-up in fields and water sources as well as accumulation of various pollutants — both having a considerable impact on the suitability of non-freshwater for irrigation due to constraints associated with crop salinity tolerance and food safety regulations. We developed a linked Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) — farm-level model of a water economy with representation for multiple water types characterized by different qualities. We employ the model to assess the impact of water shortage on the Israeli economy, where steadily growing water scarcity leads to an increasing utilization of alternative water sources. We simulate water shortage scenarios based on the Long Term National Master Plan for The Water Economy developed by the Israeli Water Authority (IWA). The linked CGE — farm-level model provides a mechanism for estimating the Constant Elasticity of Substitution (CES) rates between different irrigation water types used in agriculture. This mechanism accounts for the effects of salinity on yields and takes into consideration food safety regulations for irrigating crops with treated wastewater. We demonstrate that, in contrast to previous studies, CES rates between different water types are not identical. The CES rates obtained in our study have relatively low values, which can be attributed to the constraints associated with crop salinity tolerance and food safety regulations. Our results reveal that water shortage can lead to a significant decline of Israel’s GDP, where a considerable part of the decline is attributed to the decrease in agricultural outputs. The magnitude of the impact depends on the underlying assumptions regarding future desalination capacity. To further study the effect of desalination, we run simulations under various desalination levels and examine its impact on the GDP. We also examine the extent to which the impact of water shortage is sensitive to CES rates between different irrigation water types. |
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English |
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| ISSN |
2382-624x |
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Article |
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| Notes |
TradeM |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
MA @ admin @ |
Serial |
4656 |
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| Author |
Nguyen, T.; Mula, L.; Cortignani, R.; Seddaiu, G.; Dono, G.; Virdis, S.; Pasqui, M.; Roggero, P.-P. |
| Title |
Perceptions of present and future climate change impacts on water availability for agricultural systems in the western Mediterranean region |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Water |
Abbreviated Journal |
Water |
| Volume |
8 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
523 (18 pp) |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
Many Mediterranean countries have experienced water shortages during the last 20 years and future climate change projections foresee further pressure on water resources. This will have significant implications for irrigation water management in agricultural systems in the future. Through qualitative and quantitative empirical research methods carried out on a case study on four Mediterranean farming systems located in Oristano, Italy, we sought to understand the relationship between farmers’ perceptions of climate change (i.e., increased temperature and decreased precipitation) and of present and future water availability for agriculture as forecasted by climatic and crop models. We also explored asymmetries between farmers’ perceptions and present and future climate change and water scenarios as well as factors influencing perceptions. Our hypotheses were that farmers’ perceptions are the main drivers of actual water management practices and that sustainable practices can emerge from learning spaces designed from the understanding of the gaps between perceptions and scientific evidences. Results showed that most farmers perceived that climate change is occurring or will occur in their area. They also perceived that there has been an increased temperature trend, but also increased precipitation. Therefore, they are convinced that they have and will have enough irrigation water for agriculture in the near future, while climate change projections foresee an increasing pressure on water resources in the Mediterranean region. Such results suggest the need for (i) irrigation management policies that take into account farmers’ perceptions in order to promote virtuous behaviors and improve irrigation water use efficiency; (ii) new, well-designed learning spaces to improve the understanding on climate change expectations in the near future in order to support effective adaptive responses at the farm and catchment scales. |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2073-4441 |
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| Notes |
CropM, TradeM, ft_macsur |
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no |
| Call Number |
MA @ admin @ |
Serial |
4879 |
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| Author |
Kersebaum, K.; Kroes, J.; Gobin, A.; Takáč, J.; Hlavinka, P.; Trnka, M.; Ventrella, D.; Giglio, L.; Ferrise, R.; Moriondo, M.; Dalla Marta, A.; Luo, Q.; Eitzinger, J.; Mirschel, W.; Weigel, H.-J.; Manderscheid, R.; Hoffmann, M.; Nejedlik, P.; Iqbal, M.; Hösch, J. |
| Title |
Assessing uncertainties of water footprints using an ensemble of crop growth models on winter wheat |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Water |
Abbreviated Journal |
Water |
| Volume |
8 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
571 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
Crop productivity and water consumption form the basis to calculate the water footprint (WF) of a specific crop. Under current climate conditions, calculated evapotranspiration is related to observed crop yields to calculate WF. The assessment of WF under future climate conditions requires the simulation of crop yields adding further uncertainty. To assess the uncertainty of model based assessments of WF, an ensemble of crop models was applied to data from five field experiments across Europe. Only limited data were provided for a rough calibration, which corresponds to a typical situation for regional assessments, where data availability is limited. Up to eight models were applied for wheat. The coefficient of variation for the simulated actual evapotranspiration between models was in the range of 13%–19%, which was higher than the inter-annual variability. Simulated yields showed a higher variability between models in the range of 17%–39%. Models responded differently to elevated CO2 in a FACE (Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment) experiment, especially regarding the reduction of water consumption. The variability of calculated WF between models was in the range of 15%–49%. Yield predictions contributed more to this variance than the estimation of water consumption. Transpiration accounts on average for 51%–68% of the total actual evapotranspiration. |
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| ISSN |
2073-4441 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
CropM, ft_macsur |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
MA @ admin @ |
Serial |
4987 |
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| Author |
Mínguez, M.I. |
| Title |
Agriculture in Spain and the climate change issue |
Type |
Report |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Watch Letter |
Abbreviated Journal |
Watch Lett. |
| Volume |
37 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
ftnotmacsur |
| Abstract |
Climate change awareness is pushing research and innovation in agriculture. Studies are booming on phenology and heat stress physiology – in parallel with improvement of their simulation in crop models- water use, irrigation requirements and improvement – be it deficit, strategic or precision irrigation-, cereal grain quality, and pest and disease evolution; large international and European research projects are working on these and mapping new areas for cultivation or species/cultivar changes. |
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International Center for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies CIHEAM |
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no |
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MA @ admin @ |
Serial |
4881 |
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| Author |
Sandhu, H.; Wratten, S.D.; Porter, J.R.; Costanza, R.; Pretty, J.; Reganold, J.P. |
| Title |
Mainstreaming ecosystem services into future farming solutions |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
The Solutions Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
The Solutions Journal |
| Volume |
7 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
40-47 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
Agriculture has made remarkable advances in fulfilling the food and nutritional requirement of expanding human numbers worldwide. There are several sustainable farming systems that contribute to overall biodiversity conservation and associated ecosystem services. Yet agricultural practices that have come to predominate since the second half of the 20th century have led to the overuse of fossil fuel-based inputs, unsustainable exploitation of natural resources, and loss of biodiversity. These outcomes also have high costs to human health and the environment. Continuing with largely energy-intense, wasteful, polluting, and unsustainable agriculture is no longer a viable option for future world food security and human well-being. There is an urgent need for forms of agricultural production that improve natural capital and ecosystem services (ES) in food systems worldwide. Mainstreaming ES into future agriculture requires protocols to replace some of the nonrenewable resources (e.g. fossil fuel-based pesticides and fertilizers) with renewable resources (ES such as biological control of insect pests or nitrogen fixation by legumes). The protocols presented here have been tested in different agricultural systems that enable farmland to simultaneously provide food and a range of ecosystem services. Recent research demonstrates that managed systems with these protocols exhibit higher economic value of ecosystem services. Thus, there is need to support the deployment of these protocols through various policy mechanisms for the long-term sustainability of agriculture. |
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English |
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| Notes |
CropM |
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no |
| Call Number |
MA @ admin @ |
Serial |
4759 |
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