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Author  |
Brilli, L.; Ferrise, R.; Dibari, C.; Bindi, M.; Bellocchi, G. |
| Title |
Needs on model improvement |
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Report |
| Year |
2017 |
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FACCE MACSUR Reports |
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10 |
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XC1.1-D |
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The need to answer new scientific questions can be satisfied by an increased knowledge of physiological mechanisms which, in turn, can be used for improving the accuracy of simulations of process-based models. In this context, this report highlights areas that need to be further improved to facilitate the operational use of simulation models. It describes missing approaches within simulation models which, if implemented, would likely improve the representation of the dynamics of processes underlying different compartments of crop and grassland systems (e.g. plant growth and development, yield production, GHG emissions), as well as of the livestock production systems. The following rationale has been used in the organization of this report. We first briefly introduced the need to improve the reliability of existing models. Then, we indicated climate change and its influence on the global carbon balance as the main issue to be addressed by existing crop and grassland (section 2), and livestock (section 3) models. In section 2, among the major aspects that if implemented may reduce the uncertainty inherent to model outputs, we suggested: i) quantifying the effects of climate extremes on biological systems; ii) modelling of multi-species sward; iii) coupling of pest and disease sub-models; iv) improvement of the carry-over effect. In section 3, as the most important aspects to consider in livestock models we indicated: i) impacts and dynamics of pathogens and disease; ii) heat stress effects on livestock; iii) effects on grassland productivity and nutritional values; iv) improvement of GHG emissions dynamics. In Section 4, remarks are made concerning the need to implement the suggested aspects into the existing models. |
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MA @ admin @ |
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4938 |
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| Author |
Britz, W. |
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Importance of considering crop management adaptation in CC impact studies: A Pan-European integrated assessment |
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2015 |
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FACCE MACSUR Reports |
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4 |
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SP4-4 |
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No abstract. No Label |
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TradeM International Workshop 2014 »Economics of integrated assessment approaches for agriculture and the food sector«, 25–27 November 2014, Hurdalsjø, Norway |
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no |
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MA @ admin @ |
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2194 |
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Brouwer, F.; Sinabell, F. |
| Title |
Three years of collaboration in TradeM – Agricultural markets and prices |
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Conference Article |
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2015 |
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FACCE MACSUR Reports |
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6 |
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SP6-4 |
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Some farmers may claim that climate change adaptation is easy compared to the difficulties caused by policiesAction based on weather observations only, is insufficient for farmers to respond to climate change. Researchers need support from farmers in understanding the responses in practice.Policies might be too slow to respond to needs for change in agriculture. Winners and losers seem to be observed everywhere.The impacts of climate change is heterogeneous among farm types and regionsEffects beyond 2050 remain largely unclear, mainly because the effects of extreme events are not consideredVariability of yields is important to farm incomes, but most studies only consider average changesFarmers are ready to design their site-specific adaptation response providing that new knowledge and learning spaces are available. A learning process based on integrated models, assessment of short- and long-term effects, is needed for farmers to adapt to climate change, price fluctuations and policy change. No Label |
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Brussels |
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Climate-change impacts on farming systems in the next decades: Why worry when you have CAP? A FACCE MACSUR workshop for policymakers |
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no |
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MA @ admin @ |
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2343 |
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Brylinska, M. |
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Factors underlying changes in population of Phytophthora infestans in Poland |
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2015 |
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FACCE MACSUR Reports |
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5 |
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Sp5-9 |
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Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary belongs to Oomycetes and it causes the most destructive potato disease worldwide – late blight. It originates from Mexico but it has spread wherever potatoes are grown. P. infestans populations are diversified, sexual or asexual and their composition may be affected by climate changes. Mating type, mitochondrial haplotype, Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers, sensitivity to metalaxyl and virulence were evaluated to monitor changes in Polish P. infestans population.Samples of potato leaflets with single late blight lesions were collected from fields located in three regions of Poland: Mlochów, Boguchwala and Siedlce, in three years 2010, 2011 and 2012. In the region of Mlochów intensively protected fields are dominating. There are mainly small gardens and experimental fields near Boguchwala. In Siedlce region early and starch potatoes are cultivated. Total number of isolates tested was 365. Mating type, mitochondrial haplotype and SSR were evaluated using a PCR method. Sensitivity to metalaxyl was tested on rye A agar media. Virulence was tested on detached potato leaflets.Polish P. infestans population is diverse. We did not observe major clonal lineages. A1 mating type (69%) and Ia mitochondrial haplotype (72.7%) dominated. Most of the isolates were sensitive to metalaxyl (66%). We noted differences in population composition between the regions which indicate that cultivation system has an impact on the population of P. infestans. No Label |
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MACSUR Science Conference 2015 »Integrated Climate Risk Assessment in Agriculture & Food«, 8–9+10 April 2015, Reading, UK |
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no |
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MA @ admin @ |
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2124 |
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| Author |
Brzezinska, M. |
| Title |
What is a stronger determinant of soil respiration: soil temperature or moisture |
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2015 |
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FACCE MACSUR Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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5 |
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Sp5-10 |
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Increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases have led to global warming and climatic changes. Both experimental and modelling studies are necessary to predict and to quantify gas exchange in agroecosystems. We studied the effect of the important environmental factors (soil moisture and temperature) on CO2 emission from agricultural soil (Orthic Luvisol developed from loess) under field and laboratory conditions. In the field experiment (winter wheat, permanent meadow or black fallow), the in situ CO2 efflux form the soil, soil moisture and temperature were measured from April to December 2013. The CO2 efflux was influenced by plant cover (F=7.96; p<0.001), and was related to both, soil temperature (p<0.001) and slightly less by soil moisture (p<0.01). In the second experiment, soil was collected from a depth of 0-10 cm, air-dried, and passed through an 2 mm sieve. Next, soil samples were rewetted to obtain soil moisture in a range from water saturation (pF 0) to plant wilting point (pF 4.2), and incubated at different temperatures (from 5oC to 30oC). Multifactor analysis of variance has shown that the soil respiration, as measured under controlled conditions, was much more affected by soil temperature (F=237.0; p<0.0001), than by soil moisture (F=4.99; p<0.01). No Label |
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MACSUR Science Conference 2015 »Integrated Climate Risk Assessment in Agriculture & Food«, 8–9+10 April 2015, Reading, UK |
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no |
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MA @ admin @ |
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2125 |
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