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Author |
Zhen, L.; Deng, X.; Wei, Y.; Jiang, Q.; Lin, Y.; Helming, K.; Wang, C.; König, H.J.; Hu, J. |
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Title |
Future land use and food security scenarios for the Guyuan district of remote western China |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
iForest |
Abbreviated Journal |
iForest |
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Volume  |
7 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
372-384 |
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Keywords |
land-use patterns; scenario analysis; dynamics of land systems modeling; food security; guyuan district; north-central china; cultivated land; dynamics; conversion; policy |
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Abstract |
Government policy is a major human factor that causes changes in land use. Decisions on land management and land-use planning, as well as the analysis and quantification of policy consequences, may greatly benefit from the simulation of the dynamics of land-use systems. In the present study, we predicted land-use changes and their potential impacts on food security in the environmentally fragile Guyuan District, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (north-central China), under the influence of a program to convert sloping agricultural land to conservation uses. Baseline and conservation policy scenarios (2005 to 2020) were developed based on input from local stakeholders and expert knowledge. For the baseline and conservation policies, we formulated high-, moderate-, and low-growth scenarios, analyzed the driving mechanisms responsible for the land-use dynamics, and then applied a previously developed “dynamics of land systems” model to simulate changes in land uses based on the driving mechanisms. We found that spatially explicit policies can promote the conversion of land to more sustainable uses; however, decreasing the amount of agricultural and urban land and increasing grassland and forest cover will increase the risk of grain shortages, and the effect will be more severe under the conservation and high- growth scenarios than under the baseline and low-growth scenarios. The Guyuan case study suggests that, during the next decade, important trade-offs between environmental conservation and food security will inevitably occur. Future land-use decisions should carefully consider the balance between land resource conservation, agricultural production, and urban expansion. |
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1971-7458 |
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CropM |
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MA @ admin @ |
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4547 |
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Author |
Ventrella, D.; Giglio, L.; Charfeddine, M.; Lopez, R.; Castellini, M.; Sollitto, D.; Castrignanò, A.; Fornaro, F. |
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Title |
Climate change impact on crop rotations of winter durum wheat and tomato in southern Italy: yield analysis and soil fertility |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Italian Journal of Agronomy |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ital. J. Agron. |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
15 |
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Keywords |
DSSAT model; CENTURY-module; climate change; winter durum wheat; tomato, crop rotation |
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Abstract |
Cropping systems are affected by climate change because of the strong relationship between crop development, growth, yield, CO2 atmospheric concentration and climate conditions. The increasing temperatures and the reduction of available water resources may result in negative impacts on the agricultural activity in Mediterranean environments than other areas. In this study the CERES-Wheat and CROPGRO-Tomato models were used to assess the effects of climate change on winter wheat (Triticum durum L.) and processing tomato (Lycopersicon aesculentum Mill.) in one of most productive areas of Italy, located in the northern part of the Puglia region. In particular we have compared three different General Circulation Models (HadCM3, CCSM3, ECHAM5) subjected to a statistical downscaling under two future IPCC scenarios (B1 and A2). The analysis was carried out at regional scale repeating the simulations for seven homogeneous area characterizing the spatial variability of the region. In the second part of the study, considering only HadCM3 data set, climate change impact on long-term sequences of the two crops combined in three crop rotations were evaluated in terms of yield performances and soil fertility as indicated by the soil organic content of carbon and nitrogen. The comparison between GCMs showed no significant differences for winter durum wheat yield, while noticeable differences were found for yield and irrigation requirements of tomato. Under future scenarios, the production levels were reduced for tomato, whereas positive yield effects were observed for winter durum wheat. For winter durum wheat the simulation indicated that two- and three-year rotations, including one year of tomato cultivation, improved the cereal yield and this positive effect maintained its validity also in future scenarios. For both crops higher requirements of water and nitrogen were predicted under future scenarios. This result coupled with the decrease of yield caused negative reduction of water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency for tomato cultivation. |
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2039-6805 1125-4718 |
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CropM, ftnotmacsur |
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MA @ admin @ |
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4481 |
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Bressan, R.A.; Park, H.C.; Orsini, F.; Oh, D.-ha; Dassanayake, M.; Inan, G.; Yun, D.-J.; Bohnert, H.J.; Maggio, A. |
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Title |
Biotechnology for mechanisms that counteract salt stress in extremophile species: a genome-based view |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Plant Biotechnology Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plant Biotechnol. Rep. |
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7 |
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1 |
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27-37 |
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Keywords |
Thellungiella; Extremophile species; Genome sequences; Abiotic stress; protection; Biotechnology potential; arabidopsis-thaliana; thellungiella-halophila; salinity stress; whole-genome; gene-expression; water-content; model system; tolerance; halophytes |
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Abstract |
Molecular genetics has confirmed older research and generated new insights into the ways how plants deal with adverse conditions. This body of research is now being used to interpret stress behavior of plants in new ways, and to add results from most recent genomics-based studies. The new knowledge now includes genome sequences of species that show extreme abiotic stress tolerances, which enables new strategies for applications through either molecular breeding or transgenic engineering. We will highlight some physiological features of the extremophile lifestyle, outline emerging features about halophytism based on genomics, and discuss conclusions about underlying mechanisms. |
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1863-5466 1863-5474 |
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Review |
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CropM |
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MA @ admin @ |
Serial |
4483 |
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Author |
Bannink, A.; van Lingen, H.J.; Ellis, J.L.; France, J.; Dijkstra, J. |
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Title |
The contribution of mathematical modeling to understanding dynamic aspects of rumen metabolism |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Microbiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Frontiers in Microbiology |
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7 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1820 |
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Keywords |
lactating dairy-cows; milk urea concentration; fatty-acid production; ruminal fermentation; mechanistic model; holstein cows; beef-cattle; stoichiometric parameters; methane production; feeding frequency |
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Abstract |
All mechanistic rumen models cover the main drivers of variation in rumen function, which are feed intake, the differences between feedstuffs and feeds in their intrinsic rumen degradation characteristics, and fractional outflow rate of fluid and particulate matter. Dynamic modeling approaches are best suited to the prediction of more nuanced responses in rumen metabolism, and represent the dynamics of the interactions between substrates and micro-organisms and inter-microbial interactions. The concepts of dynamics are discussed for the case of rumen starch digestion as influenced by starch intake rate and frequency of feed intake, and for the case of fermentation of fiber in the large intestine. Adding representations of new functional classes of micro-organisms (i.e., with new characteristics from the perspective of whole rumen function) in rumen models only delivers new insights if complemented by the dynamics of their interactions with other functional classes. Rumen fermentation conditions have to be represented due to their profound impact on the dynamics of substrate degradation and microbial metabolism. Although the importance of rumen pH is generally acknowledged, more emphasis is needed on predicting its variation as well as variation in the processes that underlie rumen fluid dynamics. The rumen wall has an important role in adapting to rapid changes in the rumen environment, clearing of volatile fatty acids (VFA), and maintaining rumen pH within limits. Dynamics of rumen wall epithelia and their role in VFA absorption needs to be better represented in models that aim to predict rumen responses across nutritional or physiological states. For a detailed prediction of rumen N balance there is merit in a dynamic modeling approach compared to the static approaches adopted in current protein evaluation systems. Improvement is needed on previous attempts to predict rumen VFA profiles, and this should be pursued by introducing factors that relate more to microbial metabolism. For rumen model construction, data on rumen microbiomes are preferably coupled with knowledge consolidated in rumen models instead of relying on correlations with rather general aspects of treatment or animal. This helps to prevent the disregard of basic principles and underlying mechanisms of whole rumen function. |
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2017-01-06 |
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1664-302x |
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LiveM, ft_MACSUR |
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MA @ admin @ |
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4932 |
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Author |
Schönhart, M.; Nadeem, I. |
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Direct climate change impacts on cattle indicated by THI models |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
Publication |
Advances in Animal Biosciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Advances in Animal Biosciences |
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6 |
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17-17 |
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dairy; THI; milk yield; integrated modelling; economic loss |
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2016-10-31 |
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TradeM, ft_macsur |
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MA @ admin @ |
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4811 |
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