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Author |
Ghaley, B.B.; Sandhu, H.S.; Porter, J.R. |
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Title |
Relationship between C:N/C:O stoichiometry and ecosystem services in managed production systems |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
PLoS One |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
e0123869 |
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Keywords |
Carbon/*metabolism; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics; Denmark; *Ecosystem; Fagus/metabolism; Forests; Nitrogen/*metabolism; Oxygen/*metabolism; Soil |
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Abstract |
Land use and management intensity can influence provision of ecosystem services (ES). We argue that forest/agroforestry production systems are characterized by relatively higher C:O/C:N and ES value compared to arable production systems. Field investigations on C:N/C:O and 15 ES were determined in three diverse production systems: wheat monoculture (Cwheat), a combined food and energy system (CFE) and a beech forest in Denmark. The C:N/C:O ratios were 194.1/1.68, 94.1/1.57 and 59.5/1.45 for beech forest, CFE and Cwheat, respectively. The economic value of the non-marketed ES was also highest in beech forest (US$ 1089 ha(-1) yr(-1)) followed by CFE (US$ 800 ha(-1) yr(-1)) and Cwheat (US$ 339 ha(-1) yr(-1)). The combined economic value was highest in the CFE (US$ 3143 ha(-1) yr(-1)) as compared to the Cwheat (US$ 2767 ha(-1) yr(-1)) and beech forest (US$ 2365 ha(-1) yr(-1)). We argue that C:N/C:O can be used as a proxy of ES, particularly for the non-marketed ES, such as regulating, supporting and cultural services. These ES play a vital role in the sustainable production of food and energy. Therefore, they should be considered in decision making and developing appropriate policy responses for land use management. |
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1932-6203 |
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CropM |
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MA @ admin @ |
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4692 |
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Author |
Walkiewicz, A.; Bulak, P.; Brzezinska, M.; Wnuk, E.; Bieganowski, A. |
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Title |
Methane oxidation in heavy metal contaminated Mollic Gleysol under oxic and hypoxic conditions |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Environmental Pollution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Environ. Pollut. |
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Volume |
213 |
Issue |
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Pages |
403-411 |
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Keywords |
Soil; Methane oxidation; CH4; Heavy metals; Oxygen status; Dehydrogenase; activity; methanotrophic bacteria; dehydrogenase-activity; potential activity; forest soils; responses; landfill; community; ch4; co2; bioremediation |
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Abstract |
Soils are the largest terrestrial sink for methane (CH4). However, heavy metals may exert toxicity to soil microorganisms, including methanotrophic bacteria. We tested the effect of lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and nickel (Ni) on CH4 oxidation (1% v/v) and dehydrogenase activity, an index of the activity of the total soil microbial community in Mollic Gleysol soil in oxic and hypoxic conditions (oxia and hypoxia, 20% and 10% v/v O2, respectively). Metals were added in doses corresponding to the amounts permitted of Pb, Zn, Ni in agricultural soils (60, 120, 35 mg kg(-1), respectively), and half and double of these doses. Relatively low metal contents and O2 status reflect the conditions of most agricultural soils of temperate regions. Methane consumption showed high tolerance to heavy metals. The effect of O2 status was stronger than that of metals. CH4 consumption was enhanced under hypoxia, where both the start and the completion of the control and contaminated treatment were faster than under oxic conditions. Dehydrogenase activity, showed higher sensitivity to the contamination (except for low Ni dose), with a stronger effect of heavy metals, than that of the O2 status. |
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Newsletter July 2016 |
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0269-7491 |
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CropM, ft_macsur |
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MA @ admin @ |
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4771 |
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Author |
Ghaley, B.B.; Porter, J.R. |
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Title |
Determination of biomass accumulation in mixed belts of Salix, Corylus and Alnus species in combined food and energy production system |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Biomass and Bioenergy |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biomass and Bioenergy |
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63 |
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86-91 |
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Keywords |
allometric equation; destructive and non-destructive method; stool and biomass yield; bio-energy belts; food and fodder crops; short rotation woody crops; short-rotation forestry; willow; plantations; sweden; coppice; equations; growth; poplar; trees; yield |
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Given the energetic, demographic and the climatic challenges faced today, we designed a combined food and energy (CFE) production system integrating food, fodder and mixed belts of Salix, Alnus and Corylus sp. as bioenergy belts. The objective was to assess the shoot dry weight-stem diameter allometric relationship based on stem diameter at 10 (SD10) and 55 cm (SD55) from the shoot base in the mixed bioenergy belts. Allometric relations based on SD10 and SD55 explained 90-96% and 90-98% of the variation in shoot dry weights respectively with no differences between the destructive and the non-destructive methods. The individual stool yields varied widely among the species and within willow species with biomass yield range of 37.60-92.00 oven dry tons (ODT) ha (1) in 4-year growth cycle. The biomass yield of the bioenergy belt, predicted by allometric relations was 48.84 ODT ha 1 in 4-year growth cycle corresponding to 12.21 ODT ha (1) year (1). The relatively high biomass yield is attributed to the border effects and the ‘fertilizing effect’ of alder due to nitrogen fixation, benefitting other SWRC components. On termination of 4-year growth cycle, the bioenergy belts were harvested and the biomass yield recorded was 12.54 ODT ha (1) year (1), in close proximity to the biomass yield predicted by the allometric equations, lending confidence and robustness of the model for biomass yield determination in such integrated agro-ecosystem. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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0961-9534 |
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CropM |
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MA @ admin @ |
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4624 |
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Author |
Van Oijen, M.; Höglind, M. |
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Title |
Toward a Bayesian procedure for using process-based models in plant breeding, with application to ideotype design |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Euphytica |
Abbreviated Journal |
Euphytica |
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Volume |
207 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
627-643 |
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Keywords |
BASGRA; cold tolerance; genotype-environment interaction; plant breeding; process-based modelling; yield stability; grassland productivity; timothy regrowth; climate-change; water-deficit; forest models; late blight; leaf-area; calibration; growth; tolerance |
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Process-based grassland models (PBMs) simulate growth and development of vegetation over time. The models tend to have a large number of parameters that represent properties of the plants. To simulate different cultivars of the same species, different parameter values are required. Parameter differences may be interpreted as genetic variation for plant traits. Despite this natural connection between PBMs and plant genetics, there are only few examples of successful use of PBMs in plant breeding. Here we present a new procedure by which PBMs can help design ideotypes, i.e. virtual cultivars that optimally combine properties of existing cultivars. Ideotypes constitute selection targets for breeding. The procedure consists of four steps: (1) Bayesian calibration of model parameters using data from cultivar trials, (2) Estimating genetic variation for parameters from the combination of cultivar-specific calibrated parameter distributions, (3) Identifying parameter combinations that meet breeding objectives, (4) Translating model results to practice, i.e. interpreting parameters in terms of practical selection criteria. We show an application of the procedure to timothy (Phleum pratense L.) as grown in different regions of Norway. |
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2016-10-31 |
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0014-2336 |
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CropM, ft_macsur |
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Call Number |
MA @ admin @ |
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4820 |
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