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Author |
Zimmermann, A. |
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Title |
Exploring yield gaps in the EU, concept and data |
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2014 |
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Agreeing that increased future global food demand will have to be met by production intensification rather than land use expansion (Hertel, 2011), scientists have moved to empirically analysing the causes for differences between potentially attainable yields and actually realized yields – the yield gap (Neumann et al., 2010). We aim at disentangling the effects of biophysical, economic and political impacts and farmers’ response to them on crop yields based on reviewing theoretical and empirical literature and some descriptive data analysis. |
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FACCE MACSUR Mid-term Scientific Conference |
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3(S) Sassari, Italy |
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FACCE MACSUR Mid-term Scientific Conference, 2014-04-01 to 2014-04-04, Sassari, Italy |
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MA @ admin @ |
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5079 |
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Author |
Milford, A.B. |
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Title |
Sustainable food consumption as a mitigation and adaptation strategy |
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Conference Article |
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2014 |
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Studies of GHG emissions from agriculture show that there are large differences in emissions from different products. In addition some foods require more land and water resources than others, which mean that in a future with food scarcity, moving from less to more sustainable food may become a necessity for there to be enough food for everyone. A changing of consumption and production from less to more sustainable food is thus both a mitigation strategy, as well as an adaptation strategy if climate change results in less available agricultural land and water resources, and more food loss due to more extreme weather conditions. Forecasting the economic consequences of climate change on agricultural production cannot be done without taking into account our future consumption patterns. What will be produced will always to a large extent be a result of what is being demanded by consumers. This is a presentation of two ongoing projects related to this theme. One is a newly started project on factors which influence meat consumption. In a cross-country regression analysis we will estimate the importance of different factors such as income, price levels and degree of urbanization. We are particularly interested in the interlinkages between meat production and consumption at national levels. The other project looks at typical diets in England, Spain and Norway, and will estimate through a multi objective optimization process how the diets can be changed, through taxes and subsidies, towards a diet which is both more healthy and climate friendly. |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
FACCE MACSUR Mid-term Scientific Conference |
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3(S) Sassari, Italy |
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FACCE MACSUR Mid-term Scientific Conference, 2014-04-01 to 2014-04-04, Sassari, Italy |
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MA @ admin @ |
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5130 |
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Author |
Baranowski, P.; Krzyszczak, J.R.; Sławiński, C.F. |
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Title |
Self-similarity analysis of chosen agro-meteorological time series |
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Conference Article |
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2014 |
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The most usual records of observable agro-meteorological quantities are in the form of time series and the knowledge about their scaling properties is fundamental for transferring locally measured fluctuations to larger scales and vice-versa. However, the scaling analysis of these quantities is complicated because of the presence of localized trends and nonstationarities. The objective of this study was to characterize scaling properties (i.e. statistical self-similarity) of the chosen agro-meteorological quantities through multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA). The MDFA analysis was performed for time series of the air temperature, wind velocity and relative air humidity (at the height of 2 m above the active surface) as well as the soil temperature (at 10 cm depth in the soil). The studied data were hourly interval, 12 years’ time series from the agro-meteorological station in Felin, near Lublin, Poland. The empirical singularity spectra indicated their multifractal structure. The richness of the studied multifractals was evaluated by the width of their spectrum, indicating their considerable differences in dynamics and development. The log-log plots of the cumulative distributions of all the studied absolute and normalized meteorological parameters tended to linear functions for high values of the response indicating that these distributions were consistent with the power law asymptotic behaviour. Additionally, we investigated the type of multifractality, that underlies the q-dependence of the generalized Hurst exponent, by analyzing the corresponding shuffled and surrogate time series. For majority of studied quantities, the multifractality was due to different long-range correlation for small and large fluctuations. |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
FACCE MACSUR Mid-term Scientific Conference |
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Series Volume |
3(S) Sassari, Italy |
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Conference |
FACCE MACSUR Mid-term Scientific Conference, 2014-04-01 to 2014-04-04, Sassari, Italy |
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Call Number |
MA @ admin @ |
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5124 |
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Author |
Bodin, P. |
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Title |
Simulating the sensitivity of carbon and water fluxes as well as yield within the ClimAfrica project |
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Conference Article |
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2014 |
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Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) is a region expected to be particularly sensitive to climate change effects on crop yield (Barrios et al. 2008). Annual precipitation, calculated as averages for each African country, is expected to change by −39 to +64 mm by 2030 (Jarvis et al. 2012). The effect of climate also becomes larger as ~97 % of all agricultural land in SSA is rain fed (Rockström et al. 2004). The aim of the ClimAfrica project (FP7) is to better understand and predict climate change in SSA and to analyse the impacts on ecosystems and populations. Within the modeling Work Package (WP3) the main goal is to quantify the sensitivity of vegetation productivity and water resources to seasonal interannual decadal variability in weather and climate using a set of crop models. Here we present some results on the sensitivity of simulated carbon fluxes and FAPAR for different representations of cropland in a vegetation model (LPJ-GUESS: Lindeskog et al. 2013) as well as the sensitivity on simulated fluxes of carbon water and crop yield using a range of vegetation and crop models (LPJ-GUESS, LPJmL, ORCHIDEE and DSSAT), climate datasets, GCM output and bias correction/downscaling techniques. |
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Series Editor |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
FACCE MACSUR Mid-term Scientific Conference |
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Series Volume |
3(S) Sassari, Italy |
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Conference |
FACCE MACSUR Mid-term Scientific Conference, 2014-04-01 to 2014-04-04, Sassari, Italy |
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MA @ admin @ |
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5125 |
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Author |
Curnel, Y.R.W. |
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Title |
Meteorological risks as drivers of environmental innovation in agro-ecosystem management |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2014 |
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The extreme weather events, projected to increase both in frequency and magnitude with climate change have significant impact on agro-ecosystem services and pose severe limitations to sustainable agricultural land management. The proposed activities start from the hypothesis that these meteorological risks act as drivers of environmental innovation in agro-ecosystem management. These activities deal with risks associated with extreme weather phenomena and with risks of biological origin (e.g. pests and diseases). In order to reach this objective, the following elements of the chain of risk should be considered: • Hazard (assessment of the likely frequency and magnitude of extreme meteorological events)• Impact (analysis of the potential bio-physical and socio-economic impact of extreme weather events on agro-ecosystems)• Vulnerability (identification of the most vulnerable agro-ecosystems)• Risk Management (uncovering innovative risk management and adaptation options)These activities will concentrate on promoting a robust and flexible framework by demonstrating its performance across Belgian agro-ecosystems, and by ensuring its relevance to policy makers and practitioners. Impacts developed from physically based models will not only provide information on the state of the damage at any given time, but also assist in understanding the links between different factors causing damage and determining bio-physical vulnerability. Socio-economic impacts will enlarge the basis for vulnerability mapping, risk management and adaptation options. A strong expert and end-user network will be established to help exploiting project results to meet user needs |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
FACCE MACSUR Mid-term Scientific Conference |
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Series Volume |
3(S) Sassari, Italy |
Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
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ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
FACCE MACSUR Mid-term Scientific Conference, 2014-04-01 to 2014-04-04, Sassari, Italy |
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Notes |
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no |
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Call Number |
MA @ admin @ |
Serial |
5101 |
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