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Sandhu, H.; Wratten, S.; Costanza, R.; Pretty, J.; Porter, J.R.; Reganold, J. |
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Title  |
Significance and value of non-traded ecosystem services on farmland |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
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PeerJ |
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PeerJ |
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3 |
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e762 |
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Keywords |
Agroecosystems; Arable farmland; Economic value; Ecosystem services; Externalities; New Zealand |
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Abstract |
Background. Ecosystem services (ES) generated within agricultural landscapes, including field boundaries, are vital for the sustainable supply of food and fibre. However, the value of ES in agriculture has not been quantified experimentally and then extrapolated globally. Methods. We quantified the economic value of two key but contrasting ES (biological control of pests and nitrogen mineralisation) provided by non-traded non-crop species in ten organic and ten conventional arable fields in New Zealand using field experiments. The arable crops grown, same for each organic and conventional pair, were peas (Pisum sativum), beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), barley (Hordeum vulgare), and wheat (Triticum aestivum). Organic systems were chosen as comparators not because they are the only forms of sustainable agriculture, but because they are subject to easily understood standards. Results. We found that organic farming systems depended on fewer external inputs and produced outputs of energy and crop dry matter generally less than but sometimes similar to those of their conventional counterparts. The economic values of the two selected ES were greater for the organic systems in all four crops, ranging from US$ 68-200 ha(-1) yr(-1) for biological control of pests and from US$ 110-425 ha(-1)yr(-1) for N mineralisation in the organic systems versus US$ 0 ha(-1)yr(-1) for biological control of pests and from US$ 60-244 ha(-1)yr(-1) for N mineralisation in the conventional systems. The total economic value (including market and non-market components) was significantly greater in organic systems, ranging from US$ 1750-4536 ha(-1)yr(-1), with US$ 1585-2560 ha(-1)yr(-1) in the conventional systems. The non-market component of the economic value in organic fields was also significantly higher than those in conventional fields. Discussion. To illustrate the potential magnitude of these two ES to temperate farming systems and agricultural landscapes elsewhere, we then extrapolate these experimentally derived figures to the global temperate cropping area of the same arable crops. We found that the extrapolated net value of the these two services provided by non-traded species could exceed the combined current global costs of pesticide and fertiliser inputs, even if utilised on only 10% of the global arable area. This approach strengthens the case for ES-rich agricultural systems, provided by non-traded species to global agriculture. |
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2016-10-31 |
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English |
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2167-8359 |
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CropM |
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MA @ admin @ |
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4807 |
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Boote, K.J.; Porter, C.; Jones, J.W.; Thorburn, P.J.; Kersebaum, K.C.; Hoogenboom, G.; White, J.W.; Hatfield, J.L. |
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Title |
Sentinel site data for crop model improvement – definition and characterization |
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Conference Article |
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2015 |
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Advances in Agricultural Systems Modeling (7) |
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CropM; |
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ASA, CSSA, and SSSA |
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Madison, WI |
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Hatfield, J.L.; Fleisher, D. |
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MA @ admin @ |
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2338 |
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Minet, J. |
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Sensitivity of simulated grassland productivity to climate change factors in Europe and Israel using the CARAIB model |
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2015 |
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LiveM |
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Ecological Informatics |
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2640 |
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Coucheney, E. |
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Sensitivity of crop water and N stress to soil input data in regional cropyield simulations and the implications for data aggregation effects: a case study with the COUP-model |
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2015 |
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FACCE MACSUR Reports |
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5 |
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Sp5-13 |
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The effects of aggregating soil input data on modelling crop yields at regional scale have been explored within the MACSUR- Crop M – WP3 scaling exercise for an ensemble of crop models 1. The models were run for the North Rhine-Westphalia region in Germany with an average climate time-series (30 years) and soil data at resolution 1 km to 100 km. Aggregation effects showed substantial differences between the models 1. This could be linked to differences in model structure and concepts and to different procedures for the parameterization of soil properties. A further analysis of the sensitivity of the outputs to key soil properties, for each ‘model – method of parameterization’, could help in understanding differences observed within the model ensemble. In this study, we explored the relationship between winter wheat yields, water and N-stress indexes and simple key-soil properties, based on the COUP-model 2 simulations. Soils were grouped into classes according to selected parameters (i.e. soil depth, soil texture and soil organic content). Preliminary results show that some of those soil classes are clearly associated with high water and / or N-stress and lower yields or with high inter-annual variation of the yield. As such they represent key factors explaining the spatial pattern of the simulated yield at the different resolutions. In addition we identified differences in the fractional area of those soil classes between high and low spatial resolutions (‘inherent errors’ due to data aggregation). How this may influence soil data aggregation effects on simulated yields will be further analyzed. No Label |
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MACSUR Science Conference 2015 »Integrated Climate Risk Assessment in Agriculture & Food«, 8–9+10 April 2015, Reading, UK |
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MA @ admin @ |
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2128 |
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Author |
Sándor, R. |
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Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of grassland models in Europe and Israel |
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2015 |
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FACCE MACSUR Reports |
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5 |
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Sp5-55 |
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Grassland models are valuable tools to test hypotheses on grassland ecosystem functioning. In the frame of FACCE MACSUR LiveM, a model intercomparison was conducted using a dataset from an observational and experimental network of nine multi-year grassland sites spread across Europe (France, Italy, Germany, Switzerland, The Netherlands, and United Kingdom) and Israel, and a suite of nine models to understand grassland functioning in the region. Grassland-specific approaches were compared to approaches mainly conceived to simulate crops and plant functional types. Model evaluation against actual measurements was performed before and after model calibration. The calibrated models were used to analyze their sensitivity to independent variations of temperature, precipitation and [CO2]. The results show to which extent calibration can accommodate model discrepancies. The sensitivity of simulated gross primary production to [CO2] and temperature is an important outcome, considering the fundamental effect of rising temperature and [CO2] on the C cycling of terrestrial ecosystems in the Euro-Mediterranean region. Overall, alternative models exhibit a different sensitivity to climate change factors, with different performances over different conditions. Explained by the basic processes of each model and also induced by different calibration methods, this difference is indicative that more models can be complementary and deliver greater insights than if they were applied individually. No Label |
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MACSUR Science Conference 2015 »Integrated Climate Risk Assessment in Agriculture & Food«, 8–9+10 April 2015, Reading, UK |
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2170 |
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