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Coucheney, E.; Eckersten, H.; Jansson, P.E.; Ewert, F.; Gaiser, T.; Hoffmann, H.; Lewan, E. |
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The role of spatial patterns of soil types for data aggregation effects in crop modelling |
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2016 |
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Berlin (Germany) |
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International Crop Modelling Symposium iCROPM 2016, 2016-05-15 to 2016-05-17, Berlin, Germany |
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MA @ admin @ |
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4902 |
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Stevanović, M.; Popp, A.; Lotze-Campen, H.; Dietrich, J.P.; Müller, C.; Bonsch, M.; Schmitz, C.; Bodirsky, B.L.; Humpenöder, F.; Weindl, I. |
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The impact of high-end climate change on agricultural welfare |
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2016 |
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Science Advances |
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Sci. Adv. |
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2 |
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8 |
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e1501452 |
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ftnotmacsur |
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Climate change threatens agricultural productivity worldwide, resulting in higher food prices. Associated economic gains and losses differ not only by region but also between producers and consumers and are affected by market dynamics. On the basis of an impact modeling chain, starting with 19 different climate projections that drive plant biophysical process simulations and ending with agro-economic decisions, this analysis focuses on distributional effects of high-end climate change impacts across geographic regions and across economic agents. By estimating the changes in surpluses of consumers and producers, we find that climate change can have detrimental impacts on global agricultural welfare, especially after 2050, because losses in consumer surplus generally outweigh gains in producer surplus. Damage in agriculture may reach the annual loss of 0.3% of future total gross domestic product at the end of the century globally, assuming further opening of trade in agricultural products, which typically leads to interregional production shifts to higher latitudes. Those estimated global losses could increase substantially if international trade is more restricted. If beneficial effects of atmospheric carbon dioxide fertilization can be realized in agricultural production, much of the damage could be avoided. Although trade policy reforms toward further liberalization help alleviate climate change impacts, additional compensation mechanisms for associated environmental and development concerns have to be considered. |
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5003 |
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Vitali, A. |
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The effect of season, month and temperature humidity index on the occurrence of clinical mastitis in dairy heifers |
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2016 |
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FACCE MACSUR Reports |
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8 C6 - |
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Sp8-17 |
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4834 |
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Kondracka, K. |
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The effect of combined drought and heat stress on growth, photosythetic activity and water relationship of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Łagwa) |
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2016 |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Institute of Agrophysics of the Polish Academy of Sciences |
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CropM |
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MA @ admin @ |
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5164 |
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Bannink, A.; van Lingen, H.J.; Ellis, J.L.; France, J.; Dijkstra, J. |
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The contribution of mathematical modeling to understanding dynamic aspects of rumen metabolism |
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2016 |
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Frontiers in Microbiology |
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Frontiers in Microbiology |
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7 |
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1820 |
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lactating dairy-cows; milk urea concentration; fatty-acid production; ruminal fermentation; mechanistic model; holstein cows; beef-cattle; stoichiometric parameters; methane production; feeding frequency |
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All mechanistic rumen models cover the main drivers of variation in rumen function, which are feed intake, the differences between feedstuffs and feeds in their intrinsic rumen degradation characteristics, and fractional outflow rate of fluid and particulate matter. Dynamic modeling approaches are best suited to the prediction of more nuanced responses in rumen metabolism, and represent the dynamics of the interactions between substrates and micro-organisms and inter-microbial interactions. The concepts of dynamics are discussed for the case of rumen starch digestion as influenced by starch intake rate and frequency of feed intake, and for the case of fermentation of fiber in the large intestine. Adding representations of new functional classes of micro-organisms (i.e., with new characteristics from the perspective of whole rumen function) in rumen models only delivers new insights if complemented by the dynamics of their interactions with other functional classes. Rumen fermentation conditions have to be represented due to their profound impact on the dynamics of substrate degradation and microbial metabolism. Although the importance of rumen pH is generally acknowledged, more emphasis is needed on predicting its variation as well as variation in the processes that underlie rumen fluid dynamics. The rumen wall has an important role in adapting to rapid changes in the rumen environment, clearing of volatile fatty acids (VFA), and maintaining rumen pH within limits. Dynamics of rumen wall epithelia and their role in VFA absorption needs to be better represented in models that aim to predict rumen responses across nutritional or physiological states. For a detailed prediction of rumen N balance there is merit in a dynamic modeling approach compared to the static approaches adopted in current protein evaluation systems. Improvement is needed on previous attempts to predict rumen VFA profiles, and this should be pursued by introducing factors that relate more to microbial metabolism. For rumen model construction, data on rumen microbiomes are preferably coupled with knowledge consolidated in rumen models instead of relying on correlations with rather general aspects of treatment or animal. This helps to prevent the disregard of basic principles and underlying mechanisms of whole rumen function. |
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2017-01-06 |
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English |
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1664-302x |
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LiveM, ft_MACSUR |
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MA @ admin @ |
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4932 |
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