Özkan, Ş., Hill, J., & Cullen, B. (2014). Effect of climate variability on pasture-based dairy feeding systems in south-east Australia. Animal Production Science, 55(9), 1106–1116.
Abstract: The Australian dairy industry relies primarily on pasture for its feed supply. However, the variability in climate affects plant growth, leading to uncertainty in dryland pasture supply. This paper models the impact of climate variability on pasture production and examines the potential of two pasture-based dairy feeding systems: (1) to experience winter deficits; (2) to carry forward the conserved pasture surpluses as silage for future use; and (3) to conserve pasture surpluses as hay. The two dairy feeding systems examined were a traditional perennial ryegrass-based feeding system (ryegrass max. – RM) and a system that incorporated double cropping into the perennial ryegrass pasture base (complementary forage – CF). The conditional probability of the RM and CF systems to generate pasture deficits in winter were 94% and 96%, respectively. Both systems could carry forward the surplus silage into the following lactation almost once in every 4-5 years with the RM system performing slightly better than the CF system. The proportions of the grain-based concentrates fed in the two systems were 25% and 27% for the RM and CF systems, respectively. This study suggests that double-cropping systems have the potential to provide high-quality feed to support the feed gaps when pasture is not available due to increased variability in climatic conditions.
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Lana, M., Kersebaum, K. C., Kollas, C., Yin, X., Nendel, C., Manevski, K., et al. (2016). Effect of different levels of calibration in rotation schemes simulated in five European sites in a multi-model approach.. Berlin (Germany).
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Lipiec, J., Doussan, C., Nosalewicz, A., & Kondracka, K. (2013). Effect of drought and heat stresses on plant growth and yield: a review. International Agrophysics, 27(4), 463–477.
Abstract: Drought and heat stresses are important threat limitations to plant growth and sustainable agriculture worldwide. Our objective is to provide a review of plant responses and adaptations to drought and elevated temperature including roots, shoots, and final yield and management approaches for alleviating adverse effects of the stresses based mostly on recent literature. The sections of the paper deal with plant responses including root growth, transpiration, photosynthesis, water use efficiency, phenotypic flexibility, accumulation of compounds of low molecular mass (eg proline and gibberellins), and expression of some genes and proteins for increasing the tolerance to the abiotic stresses. Soil and crop management practices to alleviate negative effects of drought and heat stresses are also discussed. Investigations involving determination of plant assimilate partitioning, phenotypic plasticity, and identification of most stress- tolerant plant genotypes are essential for understanding the complexity of the responses and for future plant breeding. The adverse effects of drought and heat stress can be mitigated by soil management practices, crop establishment, and foliar application of growth regulators by maintaining an appropriate level of water in the leaves due to osmotic adjustment and stomatal performance.
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Kondracka, K., Nosalewicz, A., & Lipiec, J. (2014). Effect of drought and heat stresses on transpiration and photosynthesis of wheat. FACCE MACSUR Mid-term Scientific Conference, 3(S) Sassari, Italy.
Abstract: Global warming and frequent extreme weather conditions affect crop yields worldwide. Drought and high temperatures are among stresses that often act simultaneously. Therefore the aim of the studies was to analyze effect of combined drought and heat stresses on growth and function of spring wheat. The experiment was conducted in a growth chamber conditions. Spring wheat cv Łagwa was planted in soil columns of 10cm in diameter and 45cm high filled with Orthic Luvisol developed from loess and grown up to the end of flowering. The treatments were: (C) control with optimum growth soil water potential 160 hPa (pF 2.2), 250 µmol m-2s-1 PAR, 22/18 °C day / night temperatures and 60% air relative humidity throughout growing period; (D) drought stress with soil water potential 250 kPa (pF 3.4) at flowering; (HT) high temperature stress with air temperature 34/24°C and optimum soil water potential ; (DHT) drought (as above) and high temperature (34/24°C day / night) stresses at flowering. During the experiment photosynthesis rate, transpiration and stomatal conductance were measured using the gas exchange system GFS-3000 and DualPAM 100 (Walz, Germany). Drought stress reduced photosynthesis rate by 11%, high temperature by 19% and both stresses by 79% as compared to control (100%). However, drought stress decreased transpiration rate similarly as combined drought and high temperature stresses (by 60-63%). Transpiration rate under high temperature stress compared to control slightly increased.
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Kondracka, K., Nosalewicz, A., & Lipiec, J. (2014). Effect of heat stress and water deficit on photosynthesis..
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