Records |
Author |
Liu, X.; Lehtonen, H.; Purola, T.; Pavlova, Y.; Rötter, R.; Palosuo, T. |
Title |
Dynamic economic modelling of crop rotations with farm management practices under future pest pressure |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Agricultural Systems |
Abbreviated Journal |
Agricultural Systems |
Volume |
144 |
Issue |
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Pages |
65-76 |
Keywords |
Farm management; Dynamic optimization; Crop rotation; Risk aversion; Climate change; Prices; climate-change; sequester carbon; changing climate; food security; challenge; Finland; ensembles; systems; europe; tool |
Abstract |
Agricultural practice is facing multiple challenges under volatile commodity markets, inevitable climate change, mounting pest pressure and various other environment-related constraints. The objective of this research is to present a dynamic optimization model of crop rotations and farm management and show its suitability for economic analysis over a 30 year time period. In this model, we include management practices such as fertilization, fungicide treatment and liming, and apply it in a region in Southwestern Finland. Results show that (i) growing pest pressure favours the cultivation of wheat-oats and wheat-oilseeds combinations, while (ii) market prices largely determine the crops in the rotation plan and the specific management practices adopted. The flexibility of our model can also be utilized in evaluating the value of other management options such as new cultivars under different projections of future climate and market conditions. |
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English |
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0308521x |
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CropM, TradeM, ftnotmacsur |
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no |
Call Number |
MA @ admin @ |
Serial |
4719 |
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Author |
Brylińska, M.; Sobkowiak, S.; Stefańczyk, E.; Śliwka, J. |
Title |
Potato cultivation system affects population structure of Phytophthora infestans |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Fungal Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Fungal Ecology |
Volume |
20 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
132-143 |
Keywords |
SSR; Population genetic structure; Late blight; Potato; late blight resistance; mating-type; microsatellite markers; phenotypic diversity; sexual reproduction; genotypic diversity; nordic countries; severe outbreaks; sarpo mira; pathogenicity |
Abstract |
Phytophthora infestans is one of the most destructive potato pathogens. Many factors influence the population structure of P. infestans, including migration, climate and type of potato cultivation. Here, we analyse 365 P. infestans isolates collected from three regions of Poland over three years. We determined mating type, mitochondrial haplotype, resistance to metalaxyl, virulence and polymorphism at 14 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci. Analysis of SSR markers showed high genetic diversity associated with this population. Model-based structure analysis grouped 299 unique genotypes into four main clusters. The P. infestans isolates collected from the Mlochow region, which has the most intensive level of potato cultivation, formed a distinct cluster, indicating a strong effect of the cultivation system on pathogen population structure. Three clusters contained isolates with frequent presence of three alleles at one locus, which may affect their capacity for sexual reproduction and preserve groups of fit genotypes that propagate asexually. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd and The British Mycological Society. |
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English |
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ISSN |
1754-5048 |
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CropM, ft_macsur |
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no |
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MA @ admin @ |
Serial |
4720 |
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Author |
Stefańczyk, E.; Sobkowiak, S.; Brylińska, M.; Śliwka, J. |
Title |
Diversity of Fusarium spp. associated with dry rot of potato tubers in Poland |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2016 |
Publication |
European Journal of Plant Pathology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Eur. J. Plant Pathol. |
Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
ITS; mycotoxin; pathogenicity; Solanum tuberosum; tef-1α; β-tubulin; sequence data; Trichothecenes; identification; fungus; pathogenicity; temperature; sensitivity; zearalenone; strains; disease |
Abstract |
Fusarium spp. belong to the division Ascomycota and cause important plant diseases; these fungi may contaminate food products with mycotoxins, endangering human and animal health. Several Fusarium spp. have been associated with potato dry rot. The most frequent and devastating of these species are F. sambucinum, F. solani and F. oxysporum, depending on the geographic location and the season. Samples of potato tubers with dry rot symptoms were collected, and their putative fungal isolates were identified as Fusarium species using partial nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer, translation elongation factor 1-α and β-tubulin genes. Among 149 isolates, 12 species were identified. F. oxysporum was the most frequent (45 % of the isolates), followed by F. avenaceum (12.1 %), F. solani (10.7 %) and F. sambucinum (7.4 %). Phylogenetic analyses confirmed the species identifications and revealed a high diversity of F. solani and a low diversity of F. oxysporum. Potential producers of zearalenone and trichothecenes were identified within the obtained isolates using PCR markers. Isolates that were pathogenic to potatoes in laboratory tests were found in four species: F. sambucinum, F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, and F. graminearum. The effects of increased temperature and mixed inoculum on the pathogenicities of chosen species were evaluated. This study adds 434 potato-derived Fusarium sequences to the NCBI GenBank database and demonstrates that the list of Fusarium species and mycotoxins present in potato tubers may be richer than previously believed, regardless of whether these species cause dry rot or live as saprophytes. |
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ISSN |
0929-1873 1573-8469 |
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Notes |
CropM, ft_macsur |
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no |
Call Number |
MA @ admin @ |
Serial |
4721 |
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Author |
Seddaiu, G.; Iocola, I.; Farina, R.; Orsini, R.; Iezzi, G.; Roggero, P.P. |
Title |
Long term effects of tillage practices and N fertilization in rainfed Mediterranean cropping systems: durum wheat, sunflower and maize grain yield |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2016 |
Publication |
European Journal of Agronomy |
Abbreviated Journal |
European Journal of Agronomy |
Volume |
77 |
Issue |
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Pages |
166-178 |
Keywords |
No tillage; Minimum tillage; Silty-clay soil; Yield stability; Recursive partitioning analysis; Rainfed cropping systems; northern Great-Plains; clay loam soil; nitrogen-fertilization; conventional tillage; winter-wheat; growth; quality; rotation; crops; water |
Abstract |
Long term investigations on the combined effects of tillage systems and other agronomic practices such as mineral N fertilization under Mediterranean conditions on durum wheat are very scanty and findings are often contradictory. Moreover, no studies are available on the long term effect of the adoption of conservation tillage on grain yield of maize and sunflower grown in rotation with durum wheat under rainfed Mediterranean conditions. This paper reports the results of a 20-years experiment on a durum wheat-sunflower (7 years) and durum wheat–maize (13 years) two-year rotation, whose main objective was to quantify the long term effects of different tillage practices (CT = conventional tillage; MT = minimum tillage; NT = no tillage) combined with different nitrogen fertilizer rates (N0, N1, N2 corresponding to 0, 45 and 90 kg N ha−1 for sunflower, and 0, 90 and 180 kg N ha−1 for wheat and maize) on grain yield, yield components and yield stability for the three crops. In addition, the influence of meteorological factors on the interannual variability of studied variables was also assessed. For durum wheat, NT did not allow substantial yield benefits leading to comparable yields with respect to CT in ten out of twenty years. For both sunflower and maize, NT under rainfed conditions was not a viable options, because of the unsuitable (i.e., too wet) soil conditions of the clayish soil at sowing. Both spring crops performed well with MT. No significant N × tillage interaction was found for the three crops. As expected, the response of durum wheat and maize grain yield to N was remarkable, while sunflower grain yield was not significantly influenced by N rate. Wheat yield was constrained by high temperatures in January during tillering and drought in April during heading. The interannual yield variability of sunflower was mainly associated to soil water deficit at flowering and air temperature during seed filling. Heavy rains during this latter phase strongly constrained sunflower grain yield. Maize grain yield was negatively affected by high temperatures in June and drought in July, this latter factor was particularly important in the fertilized maize. Considering both yield and yield stability, durum wheat and sunflower performed better under MT and N1 while maize performed better under both CT and MT and with N2 rates. The results of this long term study are suitable for supporting policies on sustainable Mediterranean rainfed cropping systems and also for cropping system modelling. |
Address |
2016-07-22 |
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English |
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ISSN |
1161-0301 |
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CropM, ft_macsur |
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no |
Call Number |
MA @ admin @ |
Serial |
4722 |
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Author |
Ebrahimi, E.; Manschadi, A.M.; Neugschwandtner, R.W.; Eitzinger, J.; Thaler, S.; Kaul, H.-P. |
Title |
Assessing the impact of climate change on crop management in winter wheat – a case study for Eastern Austria |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of Agricultural Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Agric. Sci. |
Volume |
154 |
Issue |
07 |
Pages |
1153-1170 |
Keywords |
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Abstract |
Climate change is expected to affect optimum agricultural management practices for autumn-sown wheat, especially those related to sowing date and nitrogen (N) fertilization. To assess the direction and quantity of these changes for an important production region in eastern Austria, the agricultural production systems simulator was parameterized, evaluated and subsequently used to predict yield production and grain protein content under current and future conditions. Besides a baseline climate (BL, 1981–2010), climate change scenarios for the period 2035–65 were derived from three Global Circulation Models (GCMs), namely CGMR, IPCM4 and MPEH5, with two emission scenarios, A1B and B1. Crop management scenarios included a combination of three sowing dates (20 September, 20 October, 20 November) with four N fertilizer application rates (60, 120, 160, 200 kg/ha). Each management scenario was run for 100 years of stochastically generated daily weather data. The model satisfactorily simulated productivity as well as water and N use of autumn- and spring-sown wheat crops grown under different N supply levels in the 2010/11 and 2011/12 experimental seasons. Simulated wheat yields under climate change scenarios varied substantially among the three GCMs. While wheat yields for the CGMR model increased slightly above the BL scenario, under IPCM4 projections they were reduced by 29 and 32% with low or high emissions, respectively. Wheat protein appears to increase with highest increments in the climate scenarios causing the largest reductions in grain yield (IPCM4 and MPEH-A1B). Under future climatic conditions, maximum wheat yields were predicted for early sowing (September 20) with 160 kg N/ha applied at earlier dates than the current practice. |
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English |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0021-8596 |
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Notes |
TradeM |
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no |
Call Number |
MA @ admin @ |
Serial |
4723 |
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