| Records |
| Author |
Jägermeyr, J.; Gerten, D.; Schaphoff, S.; Heinke, J.; Lucht, W.; Rockström, J. |
| Title |
Integrated crop water management might sustainably halve the global food gap |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Environmental Research Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Environ. Res. Lett. |
| Volume |
11 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
025002 |
Keywords  |
sustainable intensification; yield gap; water harvesting; conservation agriculture; irrigation efficiency; food security; climate change adaptation; sub-saharan africa; rain-fed agriculture; dry-spell mitigation; supplemental irrigation; climate-change; smallholder irrigation; environmental impacts; developing-countries; semiarid region; south-africa |
| Abstract |
As planetary boundaries are rapidly being approached, humanity has little room for additional expansion and conventional intensification of agriculture, while a growing world population further spreads the food gap. Ample evidence exists that improved on-farm water management can close water-related yield gaps to a considerable degree, but its global significance remains unclear. In this modeling study we investigate systematically to what extent integrated crop water management might contribute to closing the global food gap, constrained by the assumption that pressure on water resources and land does not increase. Using a process-based bio-/agrosphere model, we simulate the yield-increasing potential of elevated irrigation water productivity (including irrigation expansion with thus saved water) and optimized use of in situ precipitation water (alleviated soil evaporation, enhanced infiltration, water harvesting for supplemental irrigation) under current and projected future climate (from 20 climate models, with and without beneficial CO2 effects). Results show that irrigation efficiency improvements can save substantial amounts of water in many river basins (globally 48% of non-productive water consumption in an ‘ambitious’ scenario), and if rerouted to irrigate neighboring rainfed systems, can boost kcal production significantly (26% global increase). Low-tech solutions for small-scale farmers on water-limited croplands show the potential to increase rainfed yields to a similar extent. In combination, the ambitious yet achievable integrated water management strategies explored in this study could increase global production by 41% and close the water-related yield gap by 62%. Unabated climate change will have adverse effects on crop yields in many regions, but improvements in water management as analyzed here can buffer such effects to a significant degree. |
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English |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1748-9326 |
ISBN |
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Article |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
CropM, TradeM |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
MA @ admin @ |
Serial |
4733 |
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| Author |
Brylińska, M.; Sobkowiak, S.; Stefańczyk, E.; Śliwka, J. |
| Title |
Potato cultivation system affects population structure of Phytophthora infestans |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Fungal Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Fungal Ecology |
| Volume |
20 |
Issue |
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Pages |
132-143 |
| Keywords |
SSR; Population genetic structure; Late blight; Potato; late blight resistance; mating-type; microsatellite markers; phenotypic diversity; sexual reproduction; genotypic diversity; nordic countries; severe outbreaks; sarpo mira; pathogenicity |
| Abstract |
Phytophthora infestans is one of the most destructive potato pathogens. Many factors influence the population structure of P. infestans, including migration, climate and type of potato cultivation. Here, we analyse 365 P. infestans isolates collected from three regions of Poland over three years. We determined mating type, mitochondrial haplotype, resistance to metalaxyl, virulence and polymorphism at 14 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci. Analysis of SSR markers showed high genetic diversity associated with this population. Model-based structure analysis grouped 299 unique genotypes into four main clusters. The P. infestans isolates collected from the Mlochow region, which has the most intensive level of potato cultivation, formed a distinct cluster, indicating a strong effect of the cultivation system on pathogen population structure. Three clusters contained isolates with frequent presence of three alleles at one locus, which may affect their capacity for sexual reproduction and preserve groups of fit genotypes that propagate asexually. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd and The British Mycological Society. |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1754-5048 |
ISBN |
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Article |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
CropM, ft_macsur |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
MA @ admin @ |
Serial |
4720 |
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| Author |
Walkiewicz, A.; Bulak, P.; Brzezinska, M.; Wnuk, E.; Bieganowski, A. |
| Title |
Methane oxidation in heavy metal contaminated Mollic Gleysol under oxic and hypoxic conditions |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Environmental Pollution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Environ. Pollut. |
| Volume |
213 |
Issue |
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Pages |
403-411 |
| Keywords |
Soil; Methane oxidation; CH4; Heavy metals; Oxygen status; Dehydrogenase; activity; methanotrophic bacteria; dehydrogenase-activity; potential activity; forest soils; responses; landfill; community; ch4; co2; bioremediation |
| Abstract |
Soils are the largest terrestrial sink for methane (CH4). However, heavy metals may exert toxicity to soil microorganisms, including methanotrophic bacteria. We tested the effect of lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and nickel (Ni) on CH4 oxidation (1% v/v) and dehydrogenase activity, an index of the activity of the total soil microbial community in Mollic Gleysol soil in oxic and hypoxic conditions (oxia and hypoxia, 20% and 10% v/v O2, respectively). Metals were added in doses corresponding to the amounts permitted of Pb, Zn, Ni in agricultural soils (60, 120, 35 mg kg(-1), respectively), and half and double of these doses. Relatively low metal contents and O2 status reflect the conditions of most agricultural soils of temperate regions. Methane consumption showed high tolerance to heavy metals. The effect of O2 status was stronger than that of metals. CH4 consumption was enhanced under hypoxia, where both the start and the completion of the control and contaminated treatment were faster than under oxic conditions. Dehydrogenase activity, showed higher sensitivity to the contamination (except for low Ni dose), with a stronger effect of heavy metals, than that of the O2 status. |
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English |
Summary Language |
Newsletter July 2016 |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0269-7491 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
Article |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
CropM, ft_macsur |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
MA @ admin @ |
Serial |
4771 |
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| Author |
Fan, F.; Henriksen, C.B.; Porter, J. |
| Title |
Valuation of ecosystem services in organic cereal crop production systems with different management practices in relation to organic matter input |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Ecosystem Services |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecosystem Services |
| Volume |
22 |
Issue |
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Pages |
117-127 |
| Keywords |
soil physical-properties; carbon sequestration; microbial biomass; farming systems; nitrogen mineralization; earthworm populations; straw; incorporation; economic valuation; agricultural soils; different tillage; Organic farming; Ecosystem services; Economic valuation; Management; Informed decision making |
| Abstract |
As the degradation of global ecosystem services (ES) continues in the last five decades, maintaining or even enhancing the ES of agro-ecosystem is one of the approaches to mitigate the global ES loss. This study provides the first estimate of an economic valuation of ES provided by organic cereal crop production systems with different management practices in relation to organic matter input (low, medium and high). Our results show that organic matter inputs significantly affect the total ES value on organic cereal crop production systems. The system with high organic matter input has the highest gross total ES value (US$ 1969 ha(-1) yr(-1)), followed by the low organic matter input system (US$ 1688 ha(-1) yr(-1)), and the lowest ES value are found in the medium organic matter input system (US$ 1492 ha(-1) yr(-1)). Organic matter inputs have strong positive relationship with non-marketable ES values, while this relationship was not found in marketable ES values. Monetizing the ES can be used by land managers and policy makers to adjust management practices in terms of organic matter input in cereal production system with a long term goal for sustainable agriculture. |
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2017-01-12 |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2212-0416 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
Article |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
CropM, ft_MACSUR |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
MA @ admin @ |
Serial |
4934 |
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| Author |
van Bussel, L.G.J.; Ewert, F.; Zhao, G.; Hoffmann, H.; Enders, A.; Wallach, D.; Asseng, S.; Baigorria, G.A.; Basso, B.; Biernath, C.; Cammarano, D.; Chryssanthacopoulos, J.; Constantin, J.; Elliott, J.; Glotter, M.; Heinlein, F.; Kersebaum, K.-C.; Klein, C.; Nendel, C.; Priesack, E.; Raynal, H.; Romero, C.C.; Rötter, R.P.; Specka, X.; Tao, F. |
| Title |
Spatial sampling of weather data for regional crop yield simulations |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Agricultural and Forest Meteorology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Agricultural and Forest Meteorology |
| Volume |
220 |
Issue |
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Pages |
101-115 |
| Keywords |
Regional crop simulations; Winter wheat; Upscaling; Stratified sampling; Yield estimates; climate-change scenarios; water availability; growth simulation; potential impact; food-production; winter-wheat; model; resolution; systems; soil |
| Abstract |
Field-scale crop models are increasingly applied at spatio-temporal scales that range from regions to the globe and from decades up to 100 years. Sufficiently detailed data to capture the prevailing spatio-temporal heterogeneity in weather, soil, and management conditions as needed by crop models are rarely available. Effective sampling may overcome the problem of missing data but has rarely been investigated. In this study the effect of sampling weather data has been evaluated for simulating yields of winter wheat in a region in Germany over a 30-year period (1982-2011) using 12 process-based crop models. A stratified sampling was applied to compare the effect of different sizes of spatially sampled weather data (10, 30, 50,100, 500, 1000 and full coverage of 34,078 sampling points) on simulated wheat yields. Stratified sampling was further compared with random sampling. Possible interactions between sample size and crop model were evaluated. The results showed differences in simulated yields among crop models but all models reproduced well the pattern of the stratification. Importantly, the regional mean of simulated yields based on full coverage could already be reproduced by a small sample of 10 points. This was also true for reproducing the temporal variability in simulated yields but more sampling points (about 100) were required to accurately reproduce spatial yield variability. The number of sampling points can be smaller when a stratified sampling is applied as compared to a random sampling. However, differences between crop models were observed including some interaction between the effect of sampling on simulated yields and the model used. We concluded that stratified sampling can considerably reduce the number of required simulations. But, differences between crop models must be considered as the choice for a specific model can have larger effects on simulated yields than the sampling strategy. Assessing the impact of sampling soil and crop management data for regional simulations of crop yields is still needed. |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0168-1923 |
ISBN |
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Article |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
CropM, ft_macsur |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
MA @ admin @ |
Serial |
4673 |
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