| Records |
| Author |
Barbier-Brygoo, H.; Chilliard, Y.; Durand, J.-L.; Elmayan, T.; Goldringer, I.; Porter, J.R. |
| Title |
Rapport du groupe de traveil sur la Propriétè Intellectuelle dans le végétal, du conseil scientifique nationale de l’INRA |
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Report |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Rapport de L’INRA Conseil Scientifique |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Pages |
43 |
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CropM |
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Place of Publication |
Paris, France |
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MA @ admin @ |
Serial |
2074 |
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| Author |
Hutchings, N.; Kipling, R. |
| Title |
Inventory of farm-scale models within LiveM |
Type |
Report |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
FACCE MACSUR Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
3 |
Issue |
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Pages |
D-L3.1 |
| Keywords |
LiveM; |
| Abstract |
The aim of WP3 is to improve the assessment of the impact of climate change on livestock and grassland systems at the farm-scale. The first step in this process is to understand the current state of the art in farm-scale modelling, and the resources available within the MACSUR knowledge hub. Here, an inventory of the farm-scale models available within LiveM is presented, along with a summary of the types of model represented. Thirteen farm-scale models were identified, three of which focus on environmental aspects of farm systems (GHG emissions etc.) and ten of which focus on management strategies (productivity, economics etc.). |
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MA @ admin @ |
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2064 |
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| Author |
Eory, V.; MacLeod, M.; Shrestha, S.; Roberts, D. |
| Title |
Linking an economic and a life-cycle analysis biophysical model to support agricultural greenhouse gas mitigation policy |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
German Journal of Agricultural Economics |
Abbreviated Journal |
German Journal of Agricultural Economics |
| Volume |
63 |
Issue |
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Pages |
133-142 |
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| Abstract |
Greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation is one of the main challenges facing agriculture, exacerbated by the increasing demand for food, in particular for livestock products. Production expansion needs to be accompanied by reductions in the GHG emission intensity of agricultural products, if significant increases in emissions are to be avoided. Suggested farm management changes often have systemic effects on farm, therefore their investigation requires a whole farm approach. At the same time, changes in GHG emissions arising offfarm in food supply chains (pre- or post-farm) can also occur as a consequence of these management changes. A modelling framework that quantifies the whole-farm, life-cycle effects of GHG mitigation measures on emissions and farm finances has been developed. It is demonstrated via a case study of sexed semen on Scottish dairy farms. The results show that using sexed semen on dairy farms might be a costeffective way to reduce emissions from cattle production by increasing the amount of lower emission intensity ‘dairy beef’ produced. It is concluded that a modelling framework combining a GHG life cycle analysis model and an economic model is a useful tool to help designing targeted agri-environmental policies at regional and national levels. It has the flexibility to model a wide variety of farm types, locations and management changes, and the LCA-approach adopted helps to ensure that GHG emission leakage does not occur in the supply chain. |
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TradeM |
Approved |
no |
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MA @ admin @ |
Serial |
4670 |
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| Author |
Sanz-Cobena, A.; García-Marco, S.; Quemada, M.; Gabriel, J.L.; Almendros, P.; Vallejo, A. |
| Title |
Do cover crops enhance N2O, CO2 or CH4 emissions from soil in Mediterranean arable systems? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Science of the Total Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science of the Total Environment |
| Volume |
466-467 |
Issue |
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Pages |
164-174 |
| Keywords |
Agriculture/*methods; Air Pollutants/*metabolism; Brassica napus/growth & development/metabolism; Crops, Agricultural/growth & development/*metabolism; Gases/metabolism; Greenhouse Effect; Hordeum/growth & development/metabolism; Manure/*analysis; Nitrogen/metabolism; Nitrogen Dioxide/metabolism; Spain; Vicia/growth & development/metabolism; Zea mays/growth & development; Cover crops; GHG emissions; Green manure; Irrigation; Maize |
| Abstract |
This study evaluates the effect of planting three cover crops (CCs) (barley, Hordeum vulgare L.; vetch, Vicia villosa L.; rape, Brassica napus L.) on the direct emission of N(2)O, CO(2) and CH(4) in the intercrop period and the impact of incorporating these CCs on the emission of greenhouse gas (GHG) from the forthcoming irrigated maize (Zea mays L.) crop. Vetch and barley were the CCs with the highest N(2)O and CO(2) losses (75 and 47% increase compared with the control, respectively) in the fallow period. In all cases, fluxes of N(2)O were increased through N fertilization and the incorporation of barley and rape residues (40 and 17% increase, respectively). The combination of a high C:N ratio with the addition of an external source of mineral N increased the fluxes of N(2)O compared with -Ba and -Rp. The direct emissions of N(2)O were lower than expected for a fertilized crop (0.10% emission factor, EF) compared with other studies and the IPCC EF. These results are believed to be associated with a decreased NO(3)(-) pool due to highly denitrifying conditions and increased drainage. The fluxes of CO(2) were in the range of other fertilized crops (i.e., 1118.71-1736.52 kg CO(2)-Cha(-1)). The incorporation of CC residues enhanced soil respiration in the range of 21-28% for barley and rape although no significant differences between treatments were detected. Negative CH(4) fluxes were measured and displayed an overall sink effect for all incorporated CC (mean values of -0.12 and -0.10 kg CH(4)-Cha(-1) for plots with and without incorporated CCs, respectively). |
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0048-9697 |
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CropM |
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MA @ admin @ |
Serial |
4639 |
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| Author |
Porter, J.R.; Wratten, S. |
| Title |
National carbon stocks: Move on to a carbon currency standard |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
| Volume |
506 |
Issue |
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Pages |
295 |
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| Abstract |
Alongside Robert Costanza and colleagues’ plea to abandon gross domestic product as a measure of national success (see Nature 505, 283–285; 2014), we believe that there is an urgent need to change the way currencies are valued — by using a new ‘carbon standard’ that links economy to ecology. This would work in a similar way to the old gold-exchange standard, except that a country’s currency value would instead be determined by its saved and standing stocks of fossil and non-fossil carbon. Governments would need to decide whether to risk devaluing their currency by depleting carbon stocks — while still honouring a commitment to keep fossil-carbon stocks at 80% as a safeguard against extreme climate change. After the Second World War, huge investments radically altered the economies of the United States, the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom. In the face of climate change, it is now the global energy system that needs reinvention. |
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CropM |
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no |
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MA @ admin @ |
Serial |
4635 |
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