Records |
Author |
Fan, F.; Henriksen, C.B.; Porter, J. |
Title |
Long-term effects of conversion to organic farming on ecosystem services – a model simulation case study and on-farm case study in Denmark |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems |
Abbreviated Journal |
Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems |
Volume |
42 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
504-529 |
Keywords |
Long-term; conversion; economic value; ecosystem services; organic farming; agricultural policytrade-offs; Greenhouse-Gas Emissions; Former Arable Soils; Daisy Model; Crop; Production; Conventional Agriculture; Straw Incorporation; Production; Systems; Nitrogen Dynamics; Climate-Change; Water-Balance |
Abstract |
Organic agriculture aims to produce food while establishing an ecological balance to augment ecosystem services (ES) and has been rapidly expanding in the world since the 1980s. Recently, however, in several European countries, including Denmark, organic farmers have converted back to conventional farming. Hence, understanding how agricultural ES are affected by the number of years since conversion to organic farming is imperative for policy makers to guide future agricultural policy. In order to investigate the long-term effects of conversion to organic farming on ES we performed i) a model simulation case study by applying the Daisy model to simulate 14 different conversion scenarios for a Danish farm during a 65 year period with increasing number of years under organic farming, and ii) an on-farm case study in Denmark with one conventional farm, one organic farm under conversion, and three organic farms converted 10, 15 and 58 years ago, respectively. Both the model simulation case study and the on-farm case study showed that non-marketable ES values increased with increasing number of years under organic farming. Trade-offs between marketable and non-marketable ES were not evident, since also marketable ES values generally showed an increasing trend, except when the price difference between organic and conventional products in the model simulation study was the smallest, and when an alfalfa pre-crop in the on-farm case study resulted in a significantly higher level of plant available nitrogen, which boosted the yield and the associated marketable ES of the subsequent winter rye crop. These results indicate a possible benefit of preserving long-term organic farms and could be used to argue for agricultural policy interventions to offset further reduction in the number of organic farms or the land area under organic farming. |
Address |
2018-05-03 |
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English |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2168-3565 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
CropM, ft_macsur |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
MA @ admin @ |
Serial |
5198 |
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Author |
Lehtonen, H.; Palosuo, T.; Korhonen, P.; Liu, X. |
Title |
Higher Crop Yield Levels in the North Savo Region—Means and Challenges Indicated by Farmers and Their Close Stakeholders |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Agriculture |
Abbreviated Journal |
Agriculture |
Volume |
8 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
93 |
Keywords |
northern Europe; forage grasslands; spring cereals; drainage; soil conidtions; farm management; agricultural policy |
Abstract |
The sustainable intensification of farming systems is expected to increase food supply and reduce the negative environmental effects of agriculture. It is also seen as an effective adaptation and mitigation strategy in response to climate change. Our aim is to determine farmers’ and other stakeholders’ views on how higher crop yields can be achieved from their currently low levels. This was investigated in two stakeholder workshops arranged in North Savo, Finland, in 2014 and 2016. The workshop participants, who were organized in discussion groups, considered some agricultural policies to discourage the improvement of crop yields. Policy schemes were seen to support extensification and reduce the motivation for yield improvements. However, the most important means for higher crop yields indicated by workshop participants were improved soil conditions with drainage and liming, in addition to improved crop rotations, better sowing techniques, careful selection of cultivars and forage grass mixtures. Suggested solutions for improving both crop yields and farm income also included optimized use of inputs, focusing production at the most productive fields and actively developed farming skills and knowledge sharing. These latter aspects were more pronounced in 2016, suggesting that farmers’ skills are increasingly being perceived as important. |
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Series Volume |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2077-0472 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
TradeM, ft_macsur |
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no |
Call Number |
MA @ admin @ |
Serial |
5203 |
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Author |
Graversgaard, M.; Hedelin, B.; Smith, L.; Gertz, F.; Höjberg, A.L.; Langford, J.; Martinez, G.; Mostert, E. |
Title |
Opportunities and Barriers for Water Co-Governance – A Critical Analysis of Seven Cases of Diffuse Water Pollution from Agriculture in Europe, Australia and North America |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Sustainability |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sustainability |
Volume |
10 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1634 |
Keywords |
collaborative governance; decentralized decision-making; non-point source pollution; nutrient management; water governance; management; policy; river; eutrophication; phosphorus; resources; nitrogen; hypoxia; quality; options |
Abstract |
Diffuse Water Pollution from Agriculture (DWPA) and its governance has received increased attention as a policy concern across the globe. Mitigation of DWPA is a complex problem that requires a mix of policy instruments and a multi-agency, broad societal response. In this paper, opportunities and barriers for developing co-governance, defined as collaborative societal involvement in the functions of government, and its suitability for mitigation of DWPA are reviewed using seven case studies in Europe (Poland, Denmark, Sweden, The Netherlands and UK), Australia (Murray-Darling Basin) and North America (State of Minnesota). An analytical framework for assessing opportunities and barriers of co-governance was developed and applied in this review. Results indicated that five key issues constitute both opportunities and barriers, and include: (i) pressure for change; (ii) connected governance structures and allocation of resources and funding; (iii) leadership and establishment of partnerships through capacity building; (iv) use and co-production of knowledge; and (v) time commitment to develop water co-governance. |
Address |
2018-07-12 |
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English |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2071-1050 |
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Conference |
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Notes |
CropM, ft_macsur |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
MA @ admin @ |
Serial |
5205 |
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Author |
Milford, A.B.; Kildal, C. |
Title |
Meat Reduction by Force: The Case of “Meatless Monday” in the Norwegian Armed Forces |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Sustainability |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sustainability |
Volume |
11 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
2741 |
Keywords |
sustainable diets; meat reduction; Meatless Monday; policy implementation; attitudes to vegetarian food; multivariate regression analysis; Climate-Change; Food Choices; Consumption; Attitudes; Consumers; Health; Diet; Willingness; Information; Barriers |
Abstract |
Despite the scientific evidence that more plants and less animal-based food is more sustainable, policy interventions to reduce meat consumption are scarce. However, campaigns for meat free days in school and office canteens have spread globally over the last years. In this paper, we look at the Norwegian Armed Forces’ attempt to introduce the Meatless Monday campaign in their camps, and we evaluate the implementation process as well as the effect of the campaign on soldiers. Qualitative interviews with military staff indicate that lack of conviction about benefits of meat reduction, and the fact that kitchen staff did not feel ownership to the project, partly explain why vegetarian measures were not fully implemented in all the camps. A multivariate regression analysis with survey data from soldiers indicate that those who have experienced meat free days in the military kitchen are more prone to claim that joining the military has given them a more positive view on vegetarian food. Furthermore, the survey gives evidence that stated willingness to eat more vegetarian food is higher among soldiers who believe in the environmental and health benefits of meat reduction. |
Address |
2019-06-27 |
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English |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2071-1050 |
ISBN |
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Article |
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Notes |
TradeM, ft_macsur |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
MA @ admin @ |
Serial |
5221 |
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Author |
Zhen, L.; Deng, X.; Wei, Y.; Jiang, Q.; Lin, Y.; Helming, K.; Wang, C.; König, H.J.; Hu, J. |
Title |
Future land use and food security scenarios for the Guyuan district of remote western China |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2014 |
Publication |
iForest |
Abbreviated Journal |
iForest |
Volume |
7 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
372-384 |
Keywords |
land-use patterns; scenario analysis; dynamics of land systems modeling; food security; guyuan district; north-central china; cultivated land; dynamics; conversion; policy |
Abstract |
Government policy is a major human factor that causes changes in land use. Decisions on land management and land-use planning, as well as the analysis and quantification of policy consequences, may greatly benefit from the simulation of the dynamics of land-use systems. In the present study, we predicted land-use changes and their potential impacts on food security in the environmentally fragile Guyuan District, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (north-central China), under the influence of a program to convert sloping agricultural land to conservation uses. Baseline and conservation policy scenarios (2005 to 2020) were developed based on input from local stakeholders and expert knowledge. For the baseline and conservation policies, we formulated high-, moderate-, and low-growth scenarios, analyzed the driving mechanisms responsible for the land-use dynamics, and then applied a previously developed “dynamics of land systems” model to simulate changes in land uses based on the driving mechanisms. We found that spatially explicit policies can promote the conversion of land to more sustainable uses; however, decreasing the amount of agricultural and urban land and increasing grassland and forest cover will increase the risk of grain shortages, and the effect will be more severe under the conservation and high- growth scenarios than under the baseline and low-growth scenarios. The Guyuan case study suggests that, during the next decade, important trade-offs between environmental conservation and food security will inevitably occur. Future land-use decisions should carefully consider the balance between land resource conservation, agricultural production, and urban expansion. |
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ISSN |
1971-7458 |
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Notes |
CropM |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
MA @ admin @ |
Serial |
4547 |
Permanent link to this record |