Lorite, I. J., Gabaldon-Leal, C., Ruiz-Ramos, M., Belaj, A., de la Rosa, R., Leon, L., et al. (2018). Evaluation of olive response and adaptation strategies to climate change under semi-arid conditions. Agric. Water Manage., 204, 247–261.
Abstract: AdaptaOlive is a simplified physically-based model that has been developed to assess the behavior of olive under future climate conditions in Andalusia, southern Spain. The integration of different approaches based on experimental data from previous studies, combined with weather data from 11 climate models, is aimed at overcoming the high degree of uncertainty in the simulation of the response of agricultural systems under predicted climate conditions. The AdaptaOlive model was applied in a representative olive orchard in the Baeza area, one of the main producer zone in Spain, with the cultivar ‘Picual’. Simulations for the end of the 21st century showed olive oil yield increases of 7.1 and 28.9% under rainfed and full irrigated conditions, respectively, while irrigation requirements decreased between 0.5 and 6.2% for full irrigation and regulated deficit irrigation, respectively. These effects were caused by the positive impact of the increase in atmospheric CO2 that counterbalanced the negative impacts of the reduction in rainfall. The high degree of uncertainty associated with climate projections translated into a high range of yield and irrigation requirement projections, confirming the need for an ensemble of climate models in climate change impact assessment. The AdaptaOlive model also was applied for evaluating adaptation strategies related to cultivars, irrigation strategies and locations. The best performance was registered for cultivars with early flowering dates and regulated deficit irrigation. Thus, in the Baeza area full irrigation requirements were reduced by 12% and the yield in rainfed conditions increased by 7% compared with late flowering cultivars. Similarly, regulated deficit irrigation requirements and yield were reduced by 46% and 18%, respectively, compared with full irrigation. The results confirm the promise offered by these strategies as adaptation measures for managing an olive crop under semi-arid conditions in a changing climate.
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Sándor, R., Ehrhardt, F., Basso, B., Bellocchi, G., Bhatia, A., Brilli, L., et al. (2016). C and N models Intercomparison – benchmark and ensemble model estimates for grassland production. Advances in Animal Biosciences, 7(03), 245–247.
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Semenov, M. A., Stratonovitch, P., Alghabari, F., & Gooding, M. J. (2014). Adapting wheat in Europe for climate change. J. Ceareal Sci., 59(3), 245–256.
Abstract: Increasing cereal yield is needed to meet the projected increased demand for world food supply of about 70% by 2050. Sirius, a process-based model for wheat, was used to estimate yield potential for wheat ideotypes optimized for future climatic projections for ten wheat growing areas of Europe. It was predicted that the detrimental effect of drought stress on yield would be decreased due to enhanced tailoring of phenology to future weather patterns, and due to genetic improvements in the response of photosynthesis and green leaf duration to water shortage. Yield advances could be made through extending maturation and thereby improve resource capture and partitioning. However the model predicted an increase in frequency of heat stress at meiosis and anthesis. Controlled environment experiments quantify the effects of heat and drought at booting and flowering on grain numbers and potential grain size. A current adaptation of wheat to areas of Europe with hotter and drier summers is a quicker maturation which helps to escape from excessive stress, but results in lower yields. To increase yield potential and to respond to climate change, increased tolerance to heat and drought stress should remain priorities for the genetic improvement of wheat.
Keywords: A, maximum area of flag leaf area; ABA, abscisic acid; CV, coefficient of variation; Crop improvement; Crop modelling; FC, field capacity; GMT, Greenwich mean time; GS, growth stage; Gf, grain filling duration; HI, harvest index; HSP, heat shock protein; Heat and drought tolerance; Impact assessment; LAI, leaf area index; Ph, phylochron; Pp, photoperiod response; Ru, root water uptake; S, duration of leaf senescence; SF, drought stress factor; Sirius; Wheat ideotype
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Leogrande, R., Vitti, C., Lopedota, O., Ventrella, D., & Montemurro, F. (2016). Effects of Irrigation Volume and Saline Water On Maize Yield and Soil in Southern Italy: Irrigation with saline water on maize. Irrig. and Drain., 65(3), 243–253.
Abstract: A field experiment was carried out in southern Italy to investigate the effects of irrigation and salinity on a maize crop and soil properties. The experiment was laid out comparing different irrigation rates (I1, I2, I3—re-establishing 50, 75 and 100% of the calculated maximum evapotranspiration) and water quality (FW, fresh water and SW, saline water). Grain yield was significantly greater by 60% in 2008 than in 2010. No significant difference was shown for grain yield between the irrigation treatments, whereas water productivity decreased significantly with increasing irrigation rates. Irrigation with saline water did not significantly reduce grain yield compared with fresh water, but it improved grain quality with higher protein content (9.1%) and lower grain moisture percentage (13.3%). Saline water determined a significant increase of saturated soil paste extract Na, ECe, SAR, some exchangeable cations and ESP compared with FW in both years. Furthermore, at the end of the experiment these parameters were lower than those at the end of the first maize crop. Lastly, in the saline treatment, at the end of the trial, the ECe and ESP values were below the critical threshold for soil salinization and/or sodification.
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Heinschink, K., Sinabell, F., & Tribl, C. (2016). An index-based production costs system to evaluate costs of adaptation and mitigation in dairy and cattle farming. Advances in Animal Biosciences, 7(03), 242–244.
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