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Fodor, N.; Foskolos, A.; Topp, C.F.E.; Moorby, J.; Pásztor, L.; Foyer, C. |
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Spatially explicit estimation of heat stress related impact of climate change onthe milk production of dairy cows in the United Kingdom |
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Environmental Research Letters |
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MA @ admin @ |
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5021 |
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Schils, R.; Olesen, J.E.; Kersebaum, K.-C.; Rijk, B.; Oberforster, M.; Kalyada, V.; Khitrykau, M.; Gobin, A.; Kirchev, H.; Manolova, V.; Manolov, I.; Trnka, M.; Hlavinka, P.; Palosuo, T.; Peltonen-Sainio, P.; Jauhiainen, L.; Lorgeou, J.; Marrou, H.; Danalatos, N.; Archontoulis, S.; Fodor, N.; Spink, J.; Roggero, P.P.; Bassu, S.; Pulina, A.; Seehusen, T.; Uhlen, A.K.; Zylowska, K.; Nierobca, A.; Kozyra, J.; Silva, J.V.; Macas, B.M.; Coutinho, J.; Ion, V.; Takac, J.; Ines Minguez, M.; Eckersten, H.; Levy, L.; Herrera, J.M.; Hiltbrunner, J.; Kryvobok, O.; Kryvoshein, O.; Sylvester-Bradley, R.; Kindred, D.; Topp, C.F.E.; Boogaard, H.; de Groot, H.; Lesschen, J.P.; van Bussel, L.; Wolf, J.; Zijlstra, M.; van Loon, M.P.; van Ittersum, M.K. |
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Title |
Cereal yield gaps across Europe |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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European Journal of Agronomy |
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Europ. J. Agron. |
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101 |
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109-120 |
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Wheat, Barley, Grain maize, Crop modelling, Yield potential, Nitrogen; Nitrogen Use Efficiency; Sustainable Intensification; Climate-Change; Land-Use; Wheat; Soil; Agriculture; Impacts; Fertility; Emissions |
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Europe accounts for around 20% of the global cereal production and is a net exporter of ca. 15% of that production. Increasing global demand for cereals justifies questions as to where and by how much Europe’s production can be increased to meet future global market demands, and how much additional nitrogen (N) crops would require. The latter is important as environmental concern and legislation are equally important as production aims in Europe. Here, we used a country-by-country, bottom-up approach to establish statistical estimates of actual grain yield, and compare these to modelled estimates of potential yields for either irrigated or rainfed conditions. In this way, we identified the yield gaps and the opportunities for increased cereal production for wheat, barley and maize, which represent 90% of the cereals grown in Europe. The combined mean annual yield gap of wheat, barley, maize was 239 Mt, or 42% of the yield potential. The national yield gaps ranged between 10 and 70%, with small gaps in many north-western European countries, and large gaps in eastern and south-western Europe. Yield gaps for rainfed and irrigated maize were consistently lower than those of wheat and barley. If the yield gaps of maize, wheat and barley would be reduced from 42% to 20% of potential yields, this would increase annual cereal production by 128 Mt (39%). Potential for higher cereal production exists predominantly in Eastern Europe, and half of Europe’s potential increase is located in Ukraine, Romania and Poland. Unlocking the identified potential for production growth requires a substantial increase of the crop N uptake of 4.8 Mt. Across Europe, the average N uptake gaps, to achieve 80% of the yield potential, were 87, 77 and 43 kg N ha(-1) for wheat, barley and maize, respectively. Emphasis on increasing the N use efficiency is necessary to minimize the need for additional N inputs. Whether yield gap reduction is desirable and feasible is a matter of balancing Europe’s role in global food security, farm economic objectives and environmental targets. |
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2019-01-07 |
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CropM, TradeM, ft_macsur |
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MA @ admin @ |
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5213 |
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Topp, C. |
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Title |
Pesticide management in Scottish spring barley – insights from sowing dates |
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2015 |
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FACCE MACSUR Reports |
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5 |
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Sp5-68 |
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Better management of pesticides is a potentially important strategy for reducing environmental impact while maintaining yields. Pesticide use is influenced by several drivers, including sowing date, which can directly impact disease burden. Analysis of sowing dates for spring barley was the first stage of this project, which aims to provide insight into areas of farm management which can be optimised to reduce environmental impact. Sowing dates were taken from the Adopt a Crop database, which contains data from 1983 onwards for commercial farms across Scotland. Work was carried out at three levels: national, to provide an overall picture of historical patterns; regional, to highlight differences within Scotland; and case study, to determine whether the national trend was visible in a single region. A general trend towards later sowing of spring barley in Scotland is visible – yet, this pattern is less pronounced in certain regions. Future work must therefore consider what factors have lead to this shift, to more fully understand interactions between sowing date and the environment. No Label |
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MACSUR Science Conference 2015 »Integrated Climate Risk Assessment in Agriculture & Food«, 8–9+10 April 2015, Reading, UK |
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MA @ admin @ |
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2183 |
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