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Author |
Bindi, M. |
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Title |
Identification of most important cropping systems and available models |
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Report |
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Year |
2013 |
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FACCE MACSUR Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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1 |
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D-C1.1 |
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Abstract  |
For each region or agro-ecological zone in Europe the major cropping systems have been identified based on their cropping area. Next, for each of the selected cropping systems the most widely applied models that fulfil a number of criteria (including their documentation in peer reviewed publications; good user guides and documentation of code; source code available) have been identified. Some possible model comparisons have been hypothesized on the basis of cropping systems and model availability. No Label |
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MA @ admin @ |
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2253 |
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Lindeskog, M.; Arneth, A.; Bondeau, A.; Waha, K.; Seaquist, J.; Olin, S.; Smith, B. |
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Title |
Implications of accounting for land use in simulations of ecosystem carbon cycling in Africa |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
Publication |
Earth System Dynamics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Earth System Dynamics |
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4 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
385-407 |
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global vegetation model; sub-saharan africa; climate-change; yield gaps; co2; balance; dynamics; atmosphere; cover; variability |
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Dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) are important tools for modelling impacts of global change on ecosystem services. However, most models do not take full account of human land management and land use and land cover changes (LULCCs). We integrated croplands and pasture and their management and natural vegetation recovery and succession following cropland abandonment into the LPJ-GUESS DGVM. The revised model was applied to Africa as a case study to investigate the implications of accounting for land use on net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) and the skill of the model in describing agricultural production and reproducing trends and patterns in vegetation structure and function. The seasonality of modelled monthly fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) was shown to agree well with satellite-inferred normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI). In regions with a large proportion of cropland, the managed land addition improved the FPAR vs. NDVI fit significantly. Modelled 1991-1995 average yields for the seven most important African crops, representing potential optimal yields limited only by climate forcings, were generally higher than reported FAO yields by a factor of 2-6, similar to previous yield gap estimates. Modelled inter-annual yield variations during 1971-2005 generally agreed well with FAO statistics, especially in regions with pronounced climate seasonality. Modelled land-atmosphere carbon fluxes for Africa associated with land use change (0.07 PgC yr(-1) release to the atmosphere for the 1980s) agreed well with previous estimates. Cropland management options (residue removal, grass as cover crop) were shown to be important to the land-atmosphere carbon flux for the 20th century. |
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2190-4979 |
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CropM |
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MA @ admin @ |
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4494 |
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Strauss, F.; Moltchanova, E.; Schmid, E. |
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Title |
Spatially explicit modeling of long-term drought impacts on crop production in Austria |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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American Journal of Climate Change |
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American Journal of Climate Change |
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2 |
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3 |
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1-11 |
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Long-Term Drought Modeling; Dry Day Index; Biophysical Impacts; Spatial Variability; EPIC; Austria |
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Droughts have serious and widespread impacts on crop production with substantial economic losses. The frequency and severity of drought events may increase in the future due to climate change. We have developed three meteorological drought scenarios for Austria in the period 2008-2040. The scenarios are defined based on a dry day index which is combined with bootstrapping from an observed daily weather dataset of the period 1975-2007. The severity of long-term drought scenarios is characterized by lower annual and seasonal precipitation amounts as well as more sig- nificant temperature increases compared to the observations. The long-term impacts of the drought scenarios on Aus- trian crop production have been analyzed with the biophysical process model EPIC (Environmental Policy Integrated Climate). Our simulation outputs show that—for areas with historical mean annual precipitation sums below 850 mm— already slight increases in dryness result in significantly lower crop yields i.e. depending on the drought severity, be- tween 0.6% and 0.9% decreases in mean annual dry matter crop yields per 1.0% decrease in mean annual precipitation sums. The EPIC results of more severe droughts show that spring and summer precipitation may become a limiting factor in crop production even in regions with historical abundant precipitation. |
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2167-9495 |
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CropM, ft_macsur |
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no |
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MA @ admin @ |
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4507 |
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Lipiec, J.; Doussan, C.; Nosalewicz, A.; Kondracka, K. |
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Title |
Effect of drought and heat stresses on plant growth and yield: a review |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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International Agrophysics |
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International Agrophysics |
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27 |
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4 |
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463-477 |
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water stress; high temperature; root and shoot; growth; tolerance mechanisms; management practices; water-use efficiency; soil physical-properties; abscisic-acid; high-temperature; root systems; hydraulic architecture; conservation tillage; photosystem-ii; l. genotypes; drying soil |
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Drought and heat stresses are important threat limitations to plant growth and sustainable agriculture worldwide. Our objective is to provide a review of plant responses and adaptations to drought and elevated temperature including roots, shoots, and final yield and management approaches for alleviating adverse effects of the stresses based mostly on recent literature. The sections of the paper deal with plant responses including root growth, transpiration, photosynthesis, water use efficiency, phenotypic flexibility, accumulation of compounds of low molecular mass (eg proline and gibberellins), and expression of some genes and proteins for increasing the tolerance to the abiotic stresses. Soil and crop management practices to alleviate negative effects of drought and heat stresses are also discussed. Investigations involving determination of plant assimilate partitioning, phenotypic plasticity, and identification of most stress- tolerant plant genotypes are essential for understanding the complexity of the responses and for future plant breeding. The adverse effects of drought and heat stress can be mitigated by soil management practices, crop establishment, and foliar application of growth regulators by maintaining an appropriate level of water in the leaves due to osmotic adjustment and stomatal performance. |
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0236-8722 |
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Review |
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CropM, ft_macsur |
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MA @ admin @ |
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4608 |
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Author |
Köchy, M. |
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Strategy for the dissemination of outputs at national, EU, and global levels |
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2013 |
Publication |
FACCE MACSUR Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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1 |
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Pages |
D-H2.4 |
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Dissemination of FACCE MACSUR will operate in a tiered manner to the scientific community, funding agencies, decision makers in policy and agri-food businesses, and the general public. Efforts by the MACSUR hub level are targeted at the supra-national level, while individual institutions target regional and national stakeholders.The dissemination approaches will include multiple and various methods of information distribution including• scientific papers and presentations,• conferences, congresses, workshops, and courses targeted to specific stakeholders,• a fully developed and interactive website,• regular newsletters,• flyers,• alignment of methodologies and protocols with other research networks or projects. Dissemination is both passive (web site, publications) and active (flyers, presentations, workshops held jointly with other projects or organizations, Twitter). No Label |
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MA @ admin @ |
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2265 |
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