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Persson, T. (2015). Determining the variability in optimal sowing date of spring cereals in South Eastern Norway (Vol. 5).
Abstract: Spring cereals are important agricultural crops in Northern Europe. The short growing season in this region necessitates early sowing. The earliest possible date is often determined by the soil water content, which usually decreases during and after snowmelt at rates varying with the weather and the soil characteristics. Tillage and sowing operations on soils with too high a water content can lead to soil compaction, increased soil erosion, and losses of nutrients and soil organic matter. Rainfall intensity also affects crop emergence, through its potentially negative effects on surface capping. The objective of this study was to determine the earliest possible sowing date of spring cereals for representative soil and climate scenarios in southeastern Norway. Criteria were set for pre-sowing tillage operations and sowing, based on the water content in differ soil layers and the incidence of rainfall. To determine the day of the year when these criteria were first met, the soil water content during the spring was simulated with the soil module in DSSAT v4.5. These simulations were performed for contrasting soil types and climate scenarios representing the period 1961-90 and 2046-65 respectively. For each combination of soil and climate, one hundred simulations with individual weather data were performed. The results provide information about the timing and variability of the optimal planting date for the current and projected climate in South Eastern Norway. No Label
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Persson, T., Kværnø, S., & Höglind, M. (2014). Determining the impact of soil regionalization and climate change on wheat and timothy grass yield in southeastern Norway. FACCE MACSUR Mid-term Scientific Conference, 3(S) Sassari, Italy.
Abstract: Southeastern Norway is characterized by variable soils, which affect its agricultural productivity. The region is dominated by cereal production, but livestock farming with forage crops has increased the latest years. Climate and socio-economic changes could entail a shift from the current production areas of cereal and forage crops. In this study we used the mechanistic models CSM-CERES and LINGRA to evaluate impacts of climate change and soil variability on wheat and timothy yields in Akerhus and Østfold Counties in Southeastern Norway. The models were run for historical (1961-90) and projected future (2046-2065) climatic conditions, and for four soil regionalizations of different resolution (1, 5, 16 and 76 representative soil profiles). The extrapolation of soil characteristics was based on similarities in texture, organic matter, layering and water holding capacity. Across the whole region, there were small differences in both spring wheat and timothy yield between the different soil regionalization resolutions. However, within certain districts within the region the differences in wheat grain yield and timothy biomass yield among the soil resolutions were up to 20 percent. These results indicate that a relatively detailed resolution of the soil proporties is preferred to better understand the impact of shifts in production between cereals and forage grasses on yield level if spatial variability within regions is considered. The climate change scenario used indicated increased yields of both crop types in a future climate. Further steps could include a weighting of the wheat and timothy production across soils according to economic analyses.
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Brouwer, F., & Sinabell, F. (2015). Three years of collaboration in TradeM – Agricultural markets and prices. In FACCE MACSUR Reports (Vol. 6, pp. SP6–4). Brussels.
Abstract: Some farmers may claim that climate change adaptation is easy compared to the difficulties caused by policiesAction based on weather observations only, is insufficient for farmers to respond to climate change. Researchers need support from farmers in understanding the responses in practice.Policies might be too slow to respond to needs for change in agriculture. Winners and losers seem to be observed everywhere.The impacts of climate change is heterogeneous among farm types and regionsEffects beyond 2050 remain largely unclear, mainly because the effects of extreme events are not consideredVariability of yields is important to farm incomes, but most studies only consider average changesFarmers are ready to design their site-specific adaptation response providing that new knowledge and learning spaces are available. A learning process based on integrated models, assessment of short- and long-term effects, is needed for farmers to adapt to climate change, price fluctuations and policy change. No Label
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Hamidov, A., Helming, K., Bellocchi, G., Bojar, W., Dalgaard, T., Ghaley, B. B., et al. (2018). Impacts of climate change adaptation options on soil functions: A review of European case-studies. Land Degradation & Development, 29(8), 2378–2389.
Abstract: Soils are vital for supporting food security and other ecosystem services. Climate change can affect soil functions both directly and indirectly. Direct effects include temperature, precipitation, and moisture regime changes. Indirect effects include those that are induced by adaptations such as irrigation, crop rotation changes, and tillage practices. Although extensive knowledge is available on the direct effects, an understanding of the indirect effects of agricultural adaptation options is less complete. A review of 20 agricultural adaptation case-studies across Europe was conducted to assess implications to soil threats and soil functions and the link to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The major findings are as follows: (a) adaptation options reflect local conditions; (b) reduced soil erosion threats and increased soil organic carbon are expected, although compaction may increase in some areas; (c) most adaptation options are anticipated to improve the soil functions of food and biomass production, soil organic carbon storage, and storing, filtering, transforming, and recycling capacities, whereas possible implications for soil biodiversity are largely unknown; and (d) the linkage between soil functions and the SDGs implies improvements to SDG 2 (achieving food security and promoting sustainable agriculture) and SDG 13 (taking action on climate change), whereas the relationship to SDG 15 (using terrestrial ecosystems sustainably) is largely unknown. The conclusion is drawn that agricultural adaptation options, even when focused on increasing yields, have the potential to outweigh the negative direct effects of climate change on soil degradation in many European regions.
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Walkiewicz, A., Bulak, P., Brzezinska, M., Wnuk, E., & Bieganowski, A. (2016). Methane oxidation in heavy metal contaminated Mollic Gleysol under oxic and hypoxic conditions. Environ. Pollut., 213, 403–411.
Abstract: Soils are the largest terrestrial sink for methane (CH4). However, heavy metals may exert toxicity to soil microorganisms, including methanotrophic bacteria. We tested the effect of lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and nickel (Ni) on CH4 oxidation (1% v/v) and dehydrogenase activity, an index of the activity of the total soil microbial community in Mollic Gleysol soil in oxic and hypoxic conditions (oxia and hypoxia, 20% and 10% v/v O2, respectively). Metals were added in doses corresponding to the amounts permitted of Pb, Zn, Ni in agricultural soils (60, 120, 35 mg kg(-1), respectively), and half and double of these doses. Relatively low metal contents and O2 status reflect the conditions of most agricultural soils of temperate regions. Methane consumption showed high tolerance to heavy metals. The effect of O2 status was stronger than that of metals. CH4 consumption was enhanced under hypoxia, where both the start and the completion of the control and contaminated treatment were faster than under oxic conditions. Dehydrogenase activity, showed higher sensitivity to the contamination (except for low Ni dose), with a stronger effect of heavy metals, than that of the O2 status.
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