Records |
Author |
Klatt, S.; Haas, E.; Kiese, R. |
Title |
Responses of soil N2O emissions and nitrate leaching on climate input data aggregation: a biogeochemistry model ensemble study |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2014 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
|
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
|
Keywords |
|
Abstract |
Models are increasingly used to estimate greenhouse gas emissions at site to regional and national scales and are outlined as the most advanced methodology for national emission reporting in the framework of UNFCCC. Process-based models incorporate the major processes of the carbon and nitrogen cycle and are thus thought to be widely applicable at various spatial and temporal scales. The definition of the spatial scale is determined by the objectives. GHG emission reporting requests spatially and temporally aggregated information whereas for the assessment of mitigation options on hot spots and hot moments of emissions a high spatial simulation resolution is required. In addition, other input data also determine the simulation scale. Low resolution simulations needs less effort in computation and data management, but important details could be lost during the process of data aggregation associated with high uncertainties of the simulation results. This study presents the aggregation effects of climate input data on the simulations of soil N2O emissions and nitrate leaching by comparing different biogeochemistry models. Using process-based models (DailyDayCent, LandscapeDNDC, Stics, Mode, Coup, Epic), we simulated a 30-year cropping system for two crops (winter wheat and maize monocultures) under water- and nutrient-limited conditions based on a 1 km resolution climate dataset. We aggregated the climate data to resolutions of 10, 25, 50, and 100 km and repeated the simulations on these spatial scales. We calculated the N2O emissions as well as the nitrate leaching on all scales. Results will be presented and discussed. |
Address |
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
FACCE MACSUR Mid-term Scientific Conference |
Series Volume |
3(S) Sassari, Italy |
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
FACCE MACSUR Mid-term Scientific Conference, 2014-04-01 to 2014-04-04, Sassari, Italy |
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
MA @ admin @ |
Serial |
5123 |
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
Author |
Refsgaard, J.C.; Madsen, H.; Andréassian, V.; Arnbjerg-Nielsen, K.; Davidson, T.A.; Drews, M.; Hamilton, D.P.; Jeppesen, E.; Kjellström, E.; Olesen, J.E.; Sonnenborg, T.O.; Trolle, D.; Willems, P.; Christensen, J.H. |
Title |
A framework for testing the ability of models to project climate change and its impacts |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Climatic Change |
Abbreviated Journal |
Clim. Change |
Volume |
122 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
271-282 |
Keywords |
simulation-models; shallow lakes; predictions; calibration; ensembles; terminology; uncertainty; temperature; adaptation; validation |
Abstract |
Models used for climate change impact projections are typically not tested for simulation beyond current climate conditions. Since we have no data truly reflecting future conditions, a key challenge in this respect is to rigorously test models using proxies of future conditions. This paper presents a validation framework and guiding principles applicable across earth science disciplines for testing the capability of models to project future climate change and its impacts. Model test schemes comprising split-sample tests, differential split-sample tests and proxy site tests are discussed in relation to their application for projections by use of single models, ensemble modelling and space-time-substitution and in relation to use of different data from historical time series, paleo data and controlled experiments. We recommend that differential-split sample tests should be performed with best available proxy data in order to build further confidence in model projections. |
Address |
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
0165-0009 1573-1480 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
Article |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
Notes |
CropM |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
MA @ admin @ |
Serial |
4688 |
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
Author |
Quaranta, G.; Salvia, R. |
Title |
Using indicators to inform agricultural decision making |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2014 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
|
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
|
Keywords |
|
Abstract |
Most farmers carry out several types of activity of their land (different crops or livestock) and use a wide range of agricultural techniques. They often need to address one of the following questions. How would the economic returns from my various activities be affected by using production practices which have different effects on soil conservation or degradation? How would the economic returns from these activities change, if the product price and/or subsidies structure and/or input costs changed? ManPrAs is a tool for Agricultural Management Practices Assessment developed. It is a method, to assess the sustainability of different agricultural practices by combining their soil conservation index (SCI) with their economic results (Gross Margin-GM). It also simulates the impact of alternative crops and management techniques on soil degradation, farm profitability and other socio-economic aspects. ManPrAs is strongly user-orientated and is a powerful simulation tool for farmers and stakeholders involved in land management. |
Address |
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
FACCE MACSUR Mid-term Scientific Conference |
Series Volume |
3(S) Sassari, Italy |
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
FACCE MACSUR Mid-term Scientific Conference, 2014-04-01 to 2014-04-04, Sassari, Italy |
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
MA @ admin @ |
Serial |
5139 |
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
Author |
Porter, J.R.; Dyball, R.; Dumaresq, D.; Deutsch, L.; Matsuda, H. |
Title |
Feeding capitals: Urban food security and self-provisioning in Canberra, Copenhagen and Tokyo |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Global Food Security |
Abbreviated Journal |
Global Food Security |
Volume |
3 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-7 |
Keywords |
cities; food security; self-provisioning; provisioning ecosystems |
Abstract |
Most people live in cities, but most food system studies and food security issues focus on the rural poor. Urban populations differ from rural populations in their food consumption by being generally wealthier, requiring food trade for their food security, defined as the extent to which people have adequate diets. Cities rarely have the self-provisioning capacity to satisfy their own food supply, understood as the extent to which the food consumed by the city’s population is produced from the city’s local agro-ecosystems. Almost inevitably, a city’s food security is augmented by production from remote landscapes, both internal and external in terms of a state’s jurisdiction. We reveal the internal and external food flows necessary for the food security of three wealthy capital cities (Canberra, Australia; Copenhagen, Denmark; Tokyo, Japan). These cities cover two orders of magnitude in population size and three orders of magnitude in population density. From traded volumes of food and their sources into the cities, we calculate the productivity of the city’s regional and non-regional ecosystems that provide food for these cities and estimate the overall utilised land area. The three cities exhibit differing degrees of food self provisioning capacity and exhibit large differences in the areas on which they depend to provide their food. We show that, since 1965, global land area effectively imported to produce food for these cities has increased with their expanding populations, with large reductions in the percentage of demand met by local agro-ecosystems. The physical trading of food commodities embodies ecosystem services, such as water, soil fertility and pollination that are required for land-based food production. This means that the trade in these embodied ecosystem services has become as important for food security as traditional economic mechanisms such as market access and trade. A future policy question, raised by our study, is the degree to which governments will remain committed to open food trade policies in the face of national political unrest caused by food shortages. Our study demonstrates the need to determine the food security and self-provisioning capacity of a wide range of rich and poor cities, taking into account the global location of the ecosystems that are provisioning them. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
Address |
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
2211-9124 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
Article |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
Notes |
CropM, ftnotmacsur |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
MA @ admin @ |
Serial |
4636 |
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
Author |
Olesen, J.E.; Jabloun, M.; Schelde, K. |
Title |
Reconciling estimates of climate change effects on nitrate leaching from agricultural crops |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2014 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
|
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
|
Keywords |
|
Abstract |
Nitrate leaching from agricultural systems constitutes a severe environmental effect in regions with valuable groundwater resources and vulnerable aquatic ecosystems. Therefore cropping systems should in many parts of Europe reduce the amount of nitrate leached from the root zone. Since soil nitrogen transformation and loss processes are highly influenced by climate, including temperature and precipitation, estimates of climate change effects on nitrate leaching is in high demand for evaluating future groundwater and surface water protection policies. Modelling studies using both the FASSET and Daisy models for cereal crops as well as arable crop rotations in Denmark have shown increased nitrate leaching under projected climate change. Sensitivity analyses using these models have shown a higher response to changes in temperature than to precipitation, although in particular precipitation responses differ between soil types. Simulations for crop rotations show that current catch crop management may not be sufficient to maintain low nitrate leaching levels in future. These effects of temperature and precipitation as well as crop management are confirmed in an empirical analysis of nitrate leaching from a long-term cropping system experiment in Denmark. The main uncertainties on climate change effects on future nitrate leaching appears to be related to effects of climate change on soil organic matter and thus on the amount of soil total N available for mineralization as well as the effects of enhanced atmospheric CO2 concentration on crop residue quality and N mineralization. |
Address |
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
FACCE MACSUR Mid-term Scientific Conference |
Series Volume |
3(S) Sassari, Italy |
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
FACCE MACSUR Mid-term Scientific Conference, 2014-04-01 to 2014-04-04, Sassari, Italy |
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
MA @ admin @ |
Serial |
5118 |
Permanent link to this record |