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Kondracka, K.; Nosalewicz, A.; Lipiec, J. |
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Title |
Effect of drought and heat stresses on transpiration and photosynthesis of wheat |
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2014 |
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Global warming and frequent extreme weather conditions affect crop yields worldwide. Drought and high temperatures are among stresses that often act simultaneously. Therefore the aim of the studies was to analyze effect of combined drought and heat stresses on growth and function of spring wheat. The experiment was conducted in a growth chamber conditions. Spring wheat cv Łagwa was planted in soil columns of 10cm in diameter and 45cm high filled with Orthic Luvisol developed from loess and grown up to the end of flowering. The treatments were: (C) control with optimum growth soil water potential 160 hPa (pF 2.2), 250 µmol m-2s-1 PAR, 22/18 °C day / night temperatures and 60% air relative humidity throughout growing period; (D) drought stress with soil water potential 250 kPa (pF 3.4) at flowering; (HT) high temperature stress with air temperature 34/24°C and optimum soil water potential ; (DHT) drought (as above) and high temperature (34/24°C day / night) stresses at flowering. During the experiment photosynthesis rate, transpiration and stomatal conductance were measured using the gas exchange system GFS-3000 and DualPAM 100 (Walz, Germany). Drought stress reduced photosynthesis rate by 11%, high temperature by 19% and both stresses by 79% as compared to control (100%). However, drought stress decreased transpiration rate similarly as combined drought and high temperature stresses (by 60-63%). Transpiration rate under high temperature stress compared to control slightly increased. |
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FACCE MACSUR Mid-term Scientific Conference |
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3(S) Sassari, Italy |
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FACCE MACSUR Mid-term Scientific Conference, 2014-04-01 to 2014-04-04, Sassari, Italy |
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MA @ admin @ |
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5074 |
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Havlik, P.; Leclere, D.; Valin, H.; Herrero, M.; Schmid, E.; Obersteiner, M. |
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Title |
Effects of climate change on feed availability and the implications for the livestock sector |
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2014 |
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Global mean surface temperature is projected to rise by 0.4-2.6°C until 2050, and the contrast in precipitations between wet and dry regions and wet and dry seasons will also increase according to the IPCC 5th Assessment Report (2013). The climate change will impact livestock in many ways going from heat stress through livestock diseases to feed quality and availability (Thornton et al., 2009). Recently, projected climate change impacts on crop and grassland productivity became available with high spatial resolution at global scale through the AgMIP and ISI-MIP projects. The objective of this paper is to investigate how climate change impacts on crops and grassland will influence livestock production globally and its distribution across regions. This analysis is carried out using the global partial equilibrium agricultural and forestry sector model GLOBIOM (Havlík et al., 2013). The model represents agricultural production at a spatial resolution going down to 5 x 5 minutes of arc. Crop and grassland productivities are estimated by means of biophysical process based models (EPIC and CENTURY) at this resolution for current and future climate. Livestock representation follows a simplified version of the Seré and Steinfeld (1996) production system classification. This approach recognizes differences in feed base and productivities between grazing and mixed crop-livestock production systems across different agro-ecological zones (arid, humid, temperate/highlands). Our study highlights that the differential impacts of climate change on crop and grassland productivity will influence the relative competitiveness of different livestock production systems. Maintaining livestock production in some regions will depend on their capacity to adapt. Institutional and physical infrastructure will be needed to facilitate these transformations. |
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FACCE MACSUR Mid-term Scientific Conference |
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3(S) Sassari, Italy |
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FACCE MACSUR Mid-term Scientific Conference, 2014-04-01 to 2014-04-04, Sassari, Italy |
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MA @ admin @ |
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5076 |
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Ghaley, B.B.; Porter, J.R. |
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Determination of biomass accumulation in mixed belts of Salix, Corylus and Alnus species in combined food and energy production system |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
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Biomass and Bioenergy |
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Biomass and Bioenergy |
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63 |
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86-91 |
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allometric equation; destructive and non-destructive method; stool and biomass yield; bio-energy belts; food and fodder crops; short rotation woody crops; short-rotation forestry; willow; plantations; sweden; coppice; equations; growth; poplar; trees; yield |
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Given the energetic, demographic and the climatic challenges faced today, we designed a combined food and energy (CFE) production system integrating food, fodder and mixed belts of Salix, Alnus and Corylus sp. as bioenergy belts. The objective was to assess the shoot dry weight-stem diameter allometric relationship based on stem diameter at 10 (SD10) and 55 cm (SD55) from the shoot base in the mixed bioenergy belts. Allometric relations based on SD10 and SD55 explained 90-96% and 90-98% of the variation in shoot dry weights respectively with no differences between the destructive and the non-destructive methods. The individual stool yields varied widely among the species and within willow species with biomass yield range of 37.60-92.00 oven dry tons (ODT) ha (1) in 4-year growth cycle. The biomass yield of the bioenergy belt, predicted by allometric relations was 48.84 ODT ha 1 in 4-year growth cycle corresponding to 12.21 ODT ha (1) year (1). The relatively high biomass yield is attributed to the border effects and the ‘fertilizing effect’ of alder due to nitrogen fixation, benefitting other SWRC components. On termination of 4-year growth cycle, the bioenergy belts were harvested and the biomass yield recorded was 12.54 ODT ha (1) year (1), in close proximity to the biomass yield predicted by the allometric equations, lending confidence and robustness of the model for biomass yield determination in such integrated agro-ecosystem. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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0961-9534 |
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CropM |
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MA @ admin @ |
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4624 |
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Sandars, D.; Audsley, E.; Holman, I. |
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Predicting the optimum land use at any location for any future scenario (CLIMSAVE/IMPRESSIONS) |
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Conference Article |
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2014 |
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Given any socio-, techno-, economic scenario and location specific soil and climate scenario, the farm model predicts the most profitable land use at that location. This model is encapsulated within a Europe-wide interactive interface, to allow adaptation and mitigation options to be explored by any user. With 5 climate models and 19 parameters, the user can study the sensitivity of the results to the chosen scenario settings. A scenario’s land use can be classified as intensive arable, intensive grassland, extensive grassland, forestry, or abandoned depending on potential profitability. |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
FACCE MACSUR Mid-term Scientific Conference |
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Series Volume |
3(S) Sassari, Italy |
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FACCE MACSUR Mid-term Scientific Conference, 2014-04-01 to 2014-04-04, Sassari, Italy |
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Call Number |
MA @ admin @ |
Serial |
5113 |
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Author |
Kanellopoulos, A.; Reidsma, P.; Wolf, J.; van Ittersum, M.K. |
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Title |
Assessing climate change and associated socio-economic scenarios for arable farming in the Netherlands: An application of benchmarking and bio-economic farm modelling |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
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European Journal of Agronomy |
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European Journal of Agronomy |
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52 |
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69-80 |
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Keywords |
integrated assessment; data envelopment analysis; farm adaptation; farm model; technical efficiency; agricultural land-use; integrated assessment; european-community; future; crop; efficiency; impacts; systems |
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Future farming systems are challenged to adapt to the changing socio-economic and bio-physical environment in order to remain competitive and to meet the increasing requirements for food and fibres. The scientific challenge is to evaluate the consequences of predefined scenarios, identify current “best” practices and explore future adaptation strategies at farm level. The objective of this article is to assess the impact of different climate change and socio-economic scenarios on arable farming systems in Flevoland (the Netherlands) and to explore possible adaptation strategies. Data Envelopment Analysis was used to identify these current “best” practices while bio-economic modelling was used to calculate a number of important economic and environmental indicators in scenarios for 2050. Relative differences between yields with and without climate change and technological change were simulated with a crop bio-physical model and used as a correction factors for the observed crop yields of current “best” practices. We demonstrated the capacity of the proposed methodology to explore multiple scenarios by analysing the importance of drivers of change, while accounting for variation between individual farms. It was found that farmers in Flevoland are in general technically efficient and a substantial share of the arable land is currently under profit maximization. We found that climate change increased productivity in all tested scenarios. However, the effects of different socio-economic scenarios (globalized and regionalized economies) on the economic and environmental performance of the farms were variable. Scenarios of a globalized economy where the prices of outputs were simulated to increase substantially might result in increased average gross margin and lower average (per ha) applications of crop protection and fertilizers. However, the effects might differ between different farm types. It was found that, the abolishment of sugar beet quota and changes of future prices of agricultural inputs and outputs in such socio-economic scenario (i.e. globalized economy) caused a decrease in gross margins of smaller (in terms of economic size) farms, while gross margin of larger farms increased. In scenarios where more regionalized economies and a moderate climate change are assumed, the future price ratios between inputs and outputs are shown to be the key factors for the viability of arable farms in our simulations. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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1161-0301 |
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CropM |
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MA @ admin @ |
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4526 |
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